Cloning Successive Generations of Industrial Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) to Assess Cannabinoid Profiles
- 1 Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
- 3 Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
Abstract
Industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa ) has made a remarkable impact worldwide due to the plant’s beneficial properties and versatile use. Vegetative cuttings (clones) of C. sativa are the preferred propagation technique to be the most effective in retaining the same genetic information and reducing hybridization and mutations. The objective of this project was to assess cannabinoid profile concentrations of successively cloned generations of 5 varieties: Cherry, Cherry Blossom, Cherry × Workhorse, Sour Space Candy, and The Wife. This research project focused on the idea that every cloned plant contains the exact same genetic information and, therefore, should have the same metabolic profile of cannabinoids through all the successive generations grown, which is shown to be true. Plants were cloned for multiple generations using stem cuttings and a commercial cloner. As plants matured, they were set in environmental conditions to stimulate flowering and buds were harvested and analyzed for cannabinoid contents using HPLC. Several generations of each variety were successfully cloned. As many as 17 different cannabinoids were analyzed and the results of this study show that there is not a significant difference in cannabinoids over successive generations, showing no major trends.
- Bilalis, D., Karidogianni, S., Roussis, I., Kouneli, V., Kakabouki, I. and Folina, A. (2019) Cannabis sativa L.: A New Promising Crop for Medical and Industrial Use. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Horticulture, 76, 145-150. https://doaj.org/article/12e4db4130564b1ea4abaf27c88a4b99 https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0020
- Gonçalves, J., Rosado, T., Soares, S., Simão, A.Y., Caramelo, D., Luís, A., Fernández, N., Barroso, M., Gallardo, E. and Duarte, A.P. (2019) Cannabis and Its Secondary Metabolites: Their Use as Therapeutic Drugs, Toxicological Aspects, and Analytical Determination. Medicines, 6, Article 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010031
- Behera, S., Gautam, R.K., Mohan, S. and Chattopadhyay, A. (2021) Hemp Fiber Surface Modification: Its Effect on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Polymer Composites, 42, 5223-5236. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26217
- Priestley, J.H. and Swingle, C.F. (1929) Vegetative Propagation from the Standpoint of Plant Anatomy. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.aa0007233257
- Coffman, C.B. and Gentner, W.A. (1979) Greenhouse Propagation of Cannabis sativa L. by Vegetative Cuttings. Economic Botany, 33, 124-127. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02858280 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858280
- Adhikary, D., Kulkarni, M., El-Mezawy, A., Mobini, S., Elhiti, M., Gjuric, R., Ray, A., Polowick, P., Slaski, J.J., Jones, M.P. and Bhowmik, P. (2021) Medical Cannabis and Industrial Hemp Tissue Culture: Present Status and Future Potential. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, Article 627240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.627240
- Shutes, K. (2019) Initiation in Cannabinoid Assessment of Trichomes on Industrial Hemp: (Cannabis sativa) Tissue Callus. Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro.
- De Backer, B., Debrus, B., Lebrun, P., Theunis, L., Dubois, N., Decock, L., Verstraete, A., Hubert, P. and Charlier, C. (2009) Innovative Development and Validation of an HPLC/DAD Method for the Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Major Cannabinoids in Cannabis Plant Material. Journal of Chromatography B, 877, 4115-4124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.004
- Krishna, H., Alizadeh, M., Singh, D., Singh, U., Chauhan, N., Eftekhari, M. and Sadh, R.K. (2016) Somaclonal Variations and Their Applications in Horticultural Crops Improvement. 3 Biotech, 6, Article No. 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0389-7