Determinants of Household Choice of Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Selected Drought Prone Areas of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Determinants of Household Choice of Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Selected Drought Prone Areas of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia
School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation, Debre-Markos University and PhD Candidate at Haramaya University, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
,
RAISE FS Project and REFOOTURE Ethiopia Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
,
School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
,
School of Agricultural Economics and Agro-Business, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
1 School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation, Debre-Markos University and PhD Candidate at Haramaya University, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
The study aimed at identifying the determinants of household’s choice of livelihood diversification strategies. The result of the study based on a total of 384 sample respondents selected using multistage sampling procedures. Furthermore the study employed bivariate Probit econometric model to identify factors affecting household’s choice of livelihood diversification strategies. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that households in the study area were engaged in four types of combination of livelihood diversification strategies: on-farm only, on-farm plus off-farm, on-farm plus non-farm, and on-farm plus off-farm plus non-farm with their respective share of 34.9, 11.5, 47.9 and 5.7 percent respectively. The econometric model result showed that wealth, sex, education level, livestok holding, and training were negatively and significantly determined households choice of off-farm livelihood strategies; whereas past erosion hazard and distance to market were positively and significantly determined their choice of off-farm livelihood strategies. On the other hand, wealth, dependency ratio, past erosion hazard, market availability, yield loss/reduction due to drought, distance to credit source, distance to market, frequency of extension contact, and ICT ownership (Radio, TV and/or Mobile phone) positively determine household’s choice of non-farm livelihood strategies whereas access to irrigation and distance to credit negatively determined their choice of non-farm livelihood strategies.
Khatun, D. and Roy, B.C. (2012) Rural Livelihood Diversification in West Bengal: Determinants and Constraints. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25, 1-10.
Bazezew, A., Bewket, W. and Nicolau, M. (2021) Rural Households’ Livelihood Assets, Strategies and Outcomes in Drought-Prone Areas of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Case Study in Lay Gaint District African. Journal of Agricultural Research, 8, 5716-5727.
Ayana, G.F., Megento, T.L. and Kussa, F.G. (2022) The Extent of Livelihood Diversification on the Determinants of Livelihood Diversification in Assosa Woreda, Western Ethiopia. GeoJournal, 87, 2535-2550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10379-5
Tesfaye, F. (2008) A Case Study Of Non-Farm Rural Livelihood Diversification In Lume Woreda, Oromiya Reginonal State of Ethiopia. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Addis Ababa University.
Sarah, A. (2015) Rural Livelihood Diversification in Sub Saharan Africa: A literature review. The Journal of Development Studies, 51, 1125-1138 https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1046445
Asfaw, A., Simane, B., Hassen, A. and Bantider, A. (2017) Determinants of Non-Farm Livelihood Diversification: Evidence from Rainfed-Dependent Smallholder Farmers in North Central Ethiopia (Woleka Sub-Basin). Development Studies Research, 4, 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2017.1413411
Gebru, G.W. and Fekadu, B. (2022) Rural Household Livelihood Strategies in Drought-Prone Areas: A Case of Gulomekeda District, Eastern zone of Tigray National Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 4, 158-168.
Tizazu, M.A., Ayele, G.M. and Ogato, G.S. (2018) Determinants of Rural Households Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Kuarit District, West Gojjam Zone of, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 6, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20180603.11
Negeri, B. and Demissie, G. (2017) Livelihood Diversification: Strategies, Determinants and Challenges for Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Communities of Bale Zone, Ethiopia. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 11, 37-51.
Gebru, G.W., Ichoku, H.E. and Phil Eze, P.O. (2018) Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Eastern Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 7, Article No. 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0214-0
Debele, B.N. and Desta, G.D. (2016) Livelihood Diversification: Strategies, Determinants and Challenges for Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Communities of Bale Zone, Ethiopia. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 11, 37-51.
Delden, L.V., Dominiak, M., Fouch, H.J., VanDerWesthuizen, H.C., Oomen, R.J., Preez, C.C. and Amelung, W. (2015) Rangeland Management Effects on Soil Properties in the Savanna Biome, South Africa: A Case Study along Grazing Gradients in Communal and Commercial Farms. Journal of Arid Environment, 120, 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004
Gecho Y. (2017) Rural Farm Households’ Income Diversification: The Case of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20170602.12
Beyene, F. and Muche, M. (2010) Determinants of Food Security among Rural Households of Central Ethiopia: An Empirical Analysis January 2010 Quarterly. Journal of International Agriculture, 49, 299-318.
Admasu, T.T., Damtie, Y.A. and Taye, M.A. (2022) Determinants of Livelihood Diversification among Households in the Sub-Saharan Town of Merawi, Ethiopia. Advances in Agriculture, 2022, Article ID: 6600178. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6600178
Hailu, R. and Hassen, A. (2012) Livelihood Diversification among the Agricultural Land Scarce Peasants in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2, 1-8.
Abera, A., Yirgu, T. and Uncha, A. (2021) Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification Strategies among Chewaka Resettlers’ Communities of Southwestern Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 10, Article No. 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00305-w
Gashe, K. (2016) Determinants of Employment Participation in Rural Nonfarm Activities. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 29, 10-21.
Asfir, S.S. (2016) Determinants of Rural Households Livelihood Strategies: Evidence from Western Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7, 103-109.
Kassie, S.K. and Fellizarjr, F.P. (2018) Determinant Factors of Livelihood Diversification: Evidence from Ethiopia. Cogent Social Sciences, 3, Article 1369490. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1369490
Loison, S.A. (2015) Rural Livelihood Diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review. The Journal of Development Studies, 51, 1125-1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1046445
Gebissa, B. and Geremew, W. (2022) Determinants of Food Insecurity and the Choice of Livelihood Strategies: The Case of Abay Chomen District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The Scientific World Journal, 2022, Article ID: 1316409. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1316409
Gebbisa, M.B. and Mulatu, G. (2020) Choice of Livelihood Strategies and Its Determinants in Pastoralist Area of Bale Zone: The Case of Sawena District, Oromia, South East Ethiopia. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6737. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106737
Ayana, G.F., et al. (2022) The Extent of Livelihood Diversification on the Determinants of Livelihood Diversification in Assosa Wereda, Western Ethiopia. GeoJournal, 87, 2525-2549
Emeru, G.M., Fikire, A.H. and Beza, Z.B. (2022) Determinants of Urban Households Livelihood Diversification Strategies in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10, Article 2093431. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2093431
Kassa, W.A. (2019) Determinants and Challenges of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Ethiopia: Qualitative Review. Journal of Agricultural Extension Rural Development, 11, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2018.0979
Tizazu, M.A., Ayele, G.M. and Ogato, G.S. (2018) Determinants of Rural Households Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Kuarit District, West Gojjam Zone of, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 6, 61-68
Mekuria, W. and Mekonnen, K. (2018) Determinants of Crop-Livestock Diversification in the Mixed Farming Systems: Evidence from Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Agriculture and Food Security, 7, Article No. 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0212-2
Yenesew, S.Y., Okoyo, E.N. and Fekadu, B. (2015) Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Strategies: The Case of Smallholder Rural farm Households in Debre Elias Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10, 1998-2013. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2014.9192
Gecho, Y., Ayele, G., Lemma, T. and Alemu, D. (2014) Rural Household Livelihood Strategies: Options and Determinants in the Case of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Social Sciences & Psychology, 3, 92-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140303.15
Kassegn, A. and Abdinasir, U. (2018) Determinants of Rural Households’ Livelihood Diversification Strategies: In the Case of North Wollo Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Cogent. Journal of Economics and Finance, 11, Article ID: 2185347. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2185347
Tadesse, M. (2010) Living with Adversity and Vulnerability, Adaptive Strategies and the Role of Trees Konso, Southern Ethiopia. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Mahama, T.A.-K. and Nkegbe, P.K. (2021) Impact of Household Livelihood Diversification on Welfare in Ghana. Scientific African, 13, Article ID: e00858.