Agromorphological Characterization of 260 Okra Accessions ( Abelmoschus e sculentus L. Moench) in Mali

Abstract

The lack of suitable varieties is a constraint to okra production in West Africa. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of morphological diversity of 260 accessions of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Mali. A total of 25 qualitative and quantitative traits, including plant height, number of branches, pod length, and pod yield, were measured under field conditions. Significant variation was observed for all agronomic traits (p < 0.001). Yield per hectare ranged from 0.013 to 16.72 t/hectare. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the comparing genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for every trait with a close relationship between them, indicating substantial genetic diversity among accessions. Broad sense heritability estimates for major traits were found to be moderate and high (31 < h 2 < 60), suggesting that these traits are largely controlled by genetic factors. The pod yield was affected by the incidence of diseases. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four distinct clusters, indicating a broad genetic base. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs targeting improved okra varieties with enhanced yield and resilience, contributing to sustainable agricultural development in Mali.