Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on the Forage Yield of Mombasa Guinea Grass ( Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa) in the Benadir Region

Abstract

Forage production is crucial for livestock development, especially in regions where feed availability is limited. Among tropical forage grasses, Panicum maximum (Mombasa Guinea Grass) is highly valued for its adaptability, high biomass production, and nutritional quality. Effective fertilizer management, particularly nitrogen application, is vital to maximize yield while maintaining economic viability. A field experiment was carried out at Somali National University’s Gaheyr Campus in Mogadishu from September 2022 to March 2023 to assess how different rates of nitrogen fertilizer affect the growth and yield of Panicum maximum . The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications over a total area of 264 m 2 , consisting of 21 plots of 9 m 2 each. Seven nitrogen levels were tested: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg∙N/ha. Data were analyzed using Statistix 8.0, and the results showed that nitrogen application had a highly significant impact (P < 0.01) on all growth and yield measurements. Fresh yield increased from 20,333 kg/ha at 0 N to 60,417 kg/ha at 150 kg∙N/ha, while dry yield grew from 5,917 kg/ha to 28,167 kg/ha across the treatments. The findings indicate that 100 kg∙N/ha is the optimal application rate, providing the highest statistically significant yield while remaining economically feasible for farmers. This highlights the potential of improved nitrogen management to boost forage supply and support livestock productivity in Somalia. The study suggests further research on forage nutrient quality and long-term soil fertility effects to promote sustainable pasture management.