Impact of Fungal Contamination on the Germination Capacity of Subsidized Maize Seeds Distributed in Three Municipalities of Kadiogo Province (Burkina Faso)

Abstract

Background and Objectives : Seed health quality is a critical determinant of food security in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, maize ( Zea mays L.) is the second most cultivated cereal, and the national subsidized improved-seed program is a key agricultural policy instrument. However, the mycological quality of these seeds remains poorly documented. This study aimed to assess the fungal health status of subsidized maize seeds distributed in the municipalities of Komsilga, Koubri, and Saaba (Kadiogo province) and to quantify the impact of fungal contamination on germination capacity. Methods: Ten composite samples (500 g each), representing four certified improved varieties (BARKA, SR21, KEJ, and FBC6), were collected by random warehouse sampling using a seed probe. Microbiological analyses were performed on Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar (37?C, 5 days). Fungal pathogens were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Germination tests followed the blotter method (25?C, 7 days, 4 × 100 seeds per variety). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between fungal load and germination rate was computed with Jamovi 2.3. Results: Fungal loads ranged from 2.3 × 10 2 to 1.61 × 10 3 CFU/g. Four pathogenic genera were identified: Aspergillus spp. (ubiquitous), Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp. Germination rates ranged from 81% (KEJ, Koubri) to 96% (SR21, Komsilga). A very strong, statistically significant negative correlation was established between fungal load and germination rate (r = ?0.949; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Subsidized maize seeds in Kadiogo province harbour multiple fungal contaminants that significantly reduce seed viability. Systematic pre-distribution microbiological quality control, improved warehouse management, and reinforcement of the national seed regulations are urgently needed to safeguard food security.