Water budgets for freshwater aquaculture ponds with reference to effluent volume
- 1 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
- 2 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
- 3 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India;
- 4 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
- 5 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
Abstract
This paper presents the consumptive water use for freshwater pond aquaculture for semi-intensive carps farming practices. The consumptive use of water includes evaporation loss, seepage loss and water exchanges requirements. The water requirement has been estimated to be10.3 m 3 /Kg of fish production under present study for semi-intensive culture and with supplemental feeding. Out of which7.6 m 3 /Kg of fish production is system associated requirement. On an average the evaporation loss from the pond is1498.3 mm/year and seepage loss per year is about1182.60 mm/year. Seepage and water exchange losses recharge the ground water aquifers and if they are treated and recycled, the water use in aquaculture can be reduced significantly. A further reduction in fresh water use in pond aquaculture is possible through development of intensive and superintensive culture systems and aqua feeds .
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