Effective Sodium Metabisulfite (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), HCl, Sulfur and Distilled Water for the Removal of Pb, Zn and Cr Contaminated Soil in the Columns Method — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Effective Sodium Metabisulfite (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), HCl, Sulfur and Distilled Water for the Removal of Pb, Zn and Cr Contaminated Soil in the Columns Method
Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Bani Waleed University, Bani Waleed, Libya
1 Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Bani Waleed University, Bani Waleed, Libya
This paper presents an evaluation of different dose of Sodium Metabisulfite (0.01 M Na 2 S 2 O 5 ), (Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water for the removal of soil contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cr by the column mode. The field soil contained concentrations of Pb (307.31 mg ⋅ kg − 1 ), Zn (207.77 mg ⋅ kg − 1 ) and Cr (447.50 mg ⋅ kg − 1 ). Both (0.01 M Na 2 S 2 O 5 ), ( Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water were found to be effective on removing ( Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. ( Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) + (0.1 HCl) Cr, Zn and Pb respectively. Sulfur Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.35% - 26%, 3.4% - 21.60% and 4.97% - 23.88% for (0.01 M Na 2 S 2 O 5 respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 16.13% - 20.07%, 8.20% - 23.48%, 5.42% - 28.93% for (0.01 M Na 2 S 2 O 5 + 0.1 M HCl) respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.20% - 25.5%, 9.55% - 25.13% and 6.04% - 25.54% for (S) respectively.
KeywordsSodium Metabisulfite (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)HClSulfur and Distilled WaterPbZn and Cr Soil Contaminated Sequential Washing
Esfandyari, Y., et al. (2015) Degradation and Biodegradability Improvement of the Olive Mill Wastewater by Peroxi-Electrocoagulation/Electrooxidation-Electroflotation Process with Bipolar Aluminum Electrodes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 6288-6297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3832-5
Jaafari, J., Mesdaghinia, A., Nabizadeh, R., Hoseini, M., and Mahvi, A.H. (2014) Influence of Upflow Velocity on Performance and Biofilm Characteristics of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) in Treating High-Strength Wastewater. J. Environ. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12, 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-014-0139-x
Ashrafi, S.D., Rezaei, S., Forootanfar, H., Mahvi, A.H. and Faramarzi, M.A. (2013) The Enzymatic Decolorization and Detoxification of Synthetic Dyes by the Laccase from a Soil-Isolated Ascomycete, Paraconiothyrium variabile. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85, 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.07.006
Jafari, J., Mesdaghinia, A., Nabizadeh, R., Farrokhi, M. and Mahvi, A.H. (2013) Investigation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor/Aerobic Moving Bed Bio Reactor (AFBR/MMBR) System for Treatment of Currant Wastewater. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42, 860-867.
Kamani, H., Hoseini, M., Safari, G.H., Jaafari, J. and Mahvi, A.H. (2014) Study of Trace Elements in Wet Atmospheric Precipitation in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 5059-5067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3759-9
Yaghmaeian, K., Jaafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R., Dastforoushan, G. and Jaafari, J. (2015) CFD Modeling of Incinerator to Increase PCBs Removal from Outlet Gas. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0212-0
Bermudez, G., Jasan, R., Plá, R. and Pignata, M.L. (2012) Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Atmospheric Fall-Out: Their Relationship with Topsoil and Wheat Element Composition. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 213, 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.023
Ghozikali, M.G., Mosaferi, M., Safari, G.H. and Jaafari, J. (2015) Effect of Exposure to O3, NO2, and SO2 on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations in Tabriz, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 2817-2823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3512-5
Kamani, H., Hoseini, M., Seyedsalehi, M., Mahdavi, Y., Jaafari, J. and Safari, G.H. (2014) Concentration and Characterization of Airborne Particles in Tehran’s Subway System. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 7319-7328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2659-4
Nouri, J., Mahvi, A. and Bazrafshan, E. (2010) Application of Electro-Coagulation Process in Removal of Zinc and Copper from Aqueous Solutions by Aluminum Electrodes. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4, 201-208.
Bolan, N., Kunhikrishnan, A., Thangarajan, R., Kumpiene, J., Park, J., Makino, T., Kirkham, M.B. and Scheckel, K. (2014) Remediation of Heavy Metal(loid)s Contaminated Soils—To Mobilize or to Immobilize? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 266, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018
Hassani, S., et al. (2014) Protective Effects of Curcumin and Vitamin E against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Lung Oxidative Damage. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 34, 668-676. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327114550888
Chaiyaraksa, C. and Sriwiriyanuphap, N. (2004) Batch Washing of Cadmium from Soil and Sludge by a Mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na2EDTA. Chemosphere, 56, 1129-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.016
Hauser, L., Tandy, S., Schulin, R. and Nowack, B. (2005) Column Extraction of Heavy Metals from Soils Using the Biodegradable Chelating Agent EDDS. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 6819-6824. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050143r
Bassi, R., Prasher, S.O. and Simpson, B.K. (2000) Extraction of Metals from a Contaminated Sandy Soil Using Citric Acid. Environmental Progress, 19, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190415
Neale, C.N., Bricka, R.Y. and Chao, A.C. (1997) Evaluating Acids and Chelating Agents for Removing Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils. Environmental Progress, 16, 274-280. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.3300160416
Wood, P. (1997) Remediation Methods for Contaminated Sites. In: Hester, R. and Harrison, R., (Eds.), Contaminated Land and Its Reclamation, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1680/clair.25950.0003
GOC (2003) Site Remediation Technologies: A Reference Manual. Contaminated Sites Working Group, Ontario.
Davies, A.P. and Singh, I. (1995) Washing of Zinc (II) from Contaminated Soil Column. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 121, 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:2(174)
Dikinya, O. and Areola, O. (2010) Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentration in Secondary Treated Wastewater Irrigated Soils Cultivated by Different Crops. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7, 337-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326143
Nwuche, C.O. and Ugoji, E.O. (2008) Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on the Soil Microbial Activity. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5, 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326036
Xu, Y. and Zhao, D. (2005) Removal of Copper from Contaminated Soil by Use of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers. Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 2369-2375. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040380e
Kettler, T.A., Doran, J.W. and Gilbert, T.L. (2001) Simplified Method for Soil Particle-Size Determination to Accompany Soil-Quality Analyses. Science Society of America Journal, 65, 849-852. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.653849x
Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeny, R. (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Agron. Monograph No. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
Heil, D., Samani, Z., Hanson, A. and Rudd, B. (1999) Remediation of Lead Contaminated Soil by EDTA. I: Batch and Column Studies. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 113, 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005032504487
Papassiopi, N., Tambouris, S. and Kontopoulos, A. (1999) Removal of Heavy Metals from Calcareous Contaminated Soils by EDTA Leaching. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 109, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005089515217
Sun, B., Zhao, F., Lombi, E. and McGrath, S. (2001) Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils Using EDTA. Environmental Pollution, 113, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00176-7
Zhang, W., Huang, H., Tan, F., Wang, H. and Qiu, R. (2010) Influence of EDTA Washing on the Species and Mobility of Heavy Metals Residual in Soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.087
Polettini, A., Pomi, R. and Rolle, E. (2007) The Effect of Operating Variables on Chelant-Assisted Remediation of Contaminated Dredged Sediment. Chemosphere, 66, 866-877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.023
Tsang, D.C., Zhang, W. and Lo, I. (2007) Copper Extraction Effectiveness and Soil Dissolution Issues of EDTA-Flushing of Artificially Contaminated Soils. Chemosphere, 68, 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.022
Devis, A.P. and Hotha, B.V. (1998) Journal of Environmental Engineering, 124, 1066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:11(1066)
Harmsen, K. (1977) Behaviour of Heavy Metals in Soils. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.
Tichy, R., Fajtl, J., Kužel, S. and Kolář, L. (1997) Use of Elemental Sulphur to Enhance a Cadmium Solubilization and Its Vegetative Removal from Contaminated Soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 46, 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00420560
Seidel, H., Ondruschka, J., Morgenstern, P. and Stottmeister, U. (1998) Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Aquatic Sediments Using Indigenous Sulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria: A Feasibility Study. Water Science & Technology, 37, 387-394. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0776
Kayser, A., Wenger, K., Keller, A., Attinger, W., Felix, H.R., Gupta, S.K., et al. (2000) Enhancement of Phytoextraction of Zn, Cd, and Cu from Calcareous Soil: The Use of NTA and Sulphur Amendments. Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 1778-1783. https://doi.org/10.1021/es990697s