This article aims to analyze the national and subnational multilevel environmental governance regulatory norms, specifically from the perspectives of effectiveness and accountability in Mongolia. It will analyze that the vertical accountability link between national and sub-national governments is weak. Additionally, sub-national environmental governance faces challenges related to checks and balances, as well as duality, where governors and khurals (congresses) may prioritize economic performance over environmental protection. To address these challenges, it proposes enhancing check-and-balance mechanisms by strengthening national central vertical oversight and supervision over sub-national governments’ environmental plan deliberation, monitoring, evaluation, and enforcement. Additionally, it calls for the establishment of target responsibility mechanisms to improve effectiveness.
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