There are four main skills in English language namely listening, speaking, reading and writing respectively. Speaking skills is considered the most essential skills as it helps the learners to communicate with others effectively. Some of the factors that contributing to the low level of speaking skills are lack of exposure, low confidence level, and high level of anxiety towards English Language. Thus, these issues should be addressed in order to enhance ESL learners’ speaking skills. In this 21 st - century learning and teaching, various strategies involving ICT have been invented by teachers to improve speaking skills among ESL learners. One of the strategies is the use of audio - visual materials to enhance speaking skills. An audio-visual material is a technology-based strategy that has gotten many positive results from the ESL learners. Therefore, it is believed that this strategy would develop speaking skills among ESL learners. Hence, this paper explains how audio-visual materials assist in improving speaking skills and the benefits of using audio-visual materials.
Albahiri, M. H., & Alhaj, A. A. M. (2020). Role of Visual Element in Spoken English Discourse: Implications for YouTube Technology in EFL Classrooms. The Electronic Library, 38, 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-07-2019-0172
Al-Sibai, D. (2004). Promoting Oral Fluency of Second Language Learners: Educational Linguistics. Riyadh: King Saud University.
Burns, A., & Joyce, H. (1997). Focus on Speaking. Sydney: National Center for English Language Teaching and Research.
Cakir, I. (2006). The Use of Video as an Audio-Visual Material in Foreign Language Teaching Classrooms. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5, 67-72.
Chaney, A. L., & Burk, T. L. (1998). Teaching Oral Communication in Grades K-8. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Dias, L. B. (1999). Integrating Technology. Learning and Leading with Technology, 27, 10-21.
Francis, A. (2011). Library Experts Speaks on Audio-Visual Material. Lafia: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultured Organization (UNESCO), World Day for Audio-Visual Heritage.
Guterres, C. F., & Quintas, L. (2018). Using Audio Visual Tool to Develop Speaking Skill to the Second Grade Students of Ensino Secundariu Cristal in the School Year 2017. ISCE: Journal of Innovative Studies on Character and Education, 2, 31-43.
Harmer, J. (2007). The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman.
Hashim, H. (2018). Application of Technology in the Digital Era Education. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 2, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.24036/002za0002
Hashim, H., Yunus, M. M., & Embi, M. A. (2018). Learning through Mobile: Exploring the Views of Polytechnic ESL Learners. Teaching and Learning English in Multicultural Contexts (TLEMC), 2.
Hassan, F., & Selamat, N. F. (2002). Why Aren’t Students Proficient in ESL: The Teachers’ Perspective. The English Teacher, 31, 107-123. http://journals.melta.org.my/index.php/tet/article/view/362/252
Ismail, C. (2006). The Use of Audio as an Audiovisual Material in Foreign Language Classroom. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5, 67-72.
Jadal, M. M. (2011). A Study of Effectiveness of the Audio-Visual-Aids in Teaching and Learning of English at Primary Level in Z.P. Primary Schools of Solapur District. Indian Streams Research Journal, 1. http://journals.melta.org.my/index.php/tet/article/view/362
Kausar, G. (2013). Students’ Perspective of the Use of Audio Visual Aids in Pakistan. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, Vol. 68, 11.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and Principles in Language Tea- ching. Oxford: OUP.
Madhuri, J. N. (2013). Use of Audio Visual Aids in Teaching and Speaking. Research Journal of English Language and Literature, 1, 108-122.
Maniruzzaman, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2008). The Use of Audio Aids in the EFL Class at the Tertiary Level: A Plus or a Minus? Daffodil University International Journal of Business and Economics, 3, 121-137.
Ministry of Education (2015). Executive Summary Malaysia Education 2015-2025 (Higher Education).
Mohamad, M., Ghazali, N., & Hashim, H. (2018). Secondary School Students’ Perceptions on the Use of Google+ towards Improving ESL Writing Skills. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 13, 224-238. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i09.8479
Mudin, D. K. D., Eng, H. S., Rahman, M., Ibrahim, P., & Jopony, M. (2018). Industrial Revolution 4.0: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Perspective. E3S Web of Conferences, 48, Article No. 03005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184803005
Musa, N. C., Koo, Y. L., & Azman, H. (2012). Exploring English Language Learning and Teaching in Malaysia. GEMA Online? Journal of Language Studies, 12, 35-51.
Natoli, C. (2011). The Importance of Audio-Visual Materials in Teaching and Learning.
O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524490
Ozkan, B. (2002). The Use of Video Cases in Teacher Education. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 1.
Park, C. N., & Son, J.-B. (2009). Implementing Computer-Assisted Language Learning in the EFL Classroom: Teachers’ Perceptions and Perspectives. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 5, 80-101. https://doi.org/10.5172/ijpl.5.2.80
Rafiq, K. R. M., & Hashim, H. (2018). Augmented Reality Game (ARG), 21st Century Skills and ESL Classroom. Journal of Educational and Learning Studies, 1, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.32698/0232
Ramendra, D. P., & Ratminigsih (2007). Pemanfaatan Audio Visual Aids (AVA) dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 1, 79-95. http://www.infodiknas.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/PEMANFAATAN-AUDIO-VISUAL-AIDS-AVA-DALAM-PROSES-BELAJAR-MENGAJAR-MATA-PELAJARAN-BAHASA-INGGRIS-DI-SEKOLAH-DASA.pdf
Ranasinghe, A. I., & Leisher, D. (2009). The Benefit of Integrating Technology into the Classroom. International Mathematical Forum, 4, 1955-1961.
Riri, I. S. (2011). Teaching Speaking through Audio Visual Aids. Bogor.
Samad, A. A., Hussin, H., & Sulaiman, T. (2015). Developing a Portfolio Assessment Model for the Teaching and Learning of English in Malaysian L2 Classroom. English Language Teaching, 8, 164. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n7p164
Shaimaa, A. (2006). The Effectiveness of a Task-Based Instruction Program in Developing the English Language Speaking Skills of Secondary Stage Students (pp. 1-254).
Subartha, P. (2012). The Audio-Visual Aids in English Teaching. National Conference on Developing Scenario in Applied Science and Communicative English, Coimbatore. http://codebreakerskct.site50.net/conference/assets/pdf/English/14.pdf
Supiyati, D. Y. A. H. (2011). Improving Students’ Speaking Skills by Using Audio-Visual Aids in Class IA RSBI SD N Cemara Dua No. 13 Surakarta in 2009/2010 Academic Year. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University.
Tarcan, A. (2004). Yabanci dil ogretim teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel, 2004.
Thaseem, W., & Kareema, M. I. F. (2017). Implication of Multimedia Audio-Visual Aids in the English Language Classroom. 7th International Symposium 2017, 7-8 December 2017. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322499103_Implication_Of_ Multimedia_Audiovisual_Aids_in_the_English_Language_Classroom/download
Umar, F. (2014). Audio Visual Aids in Education, Definition, Types and Objectives. MIER University Press.
Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching, Practice and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yunus, M. M. et al. (2018). The Influence of Authentic English Video Clips on Students’ Listening Comprehension. The New Educational Review, 53, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2018.53.3.09
Yunus, M. M., Hashim, H., Embi, M. A., & Lubis, M. A. (2010). The Utilization of ICT in the Teaching and Learning of English: “Tell Me More”. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.218
Zaremba, A. J. (2006). Speaking Professionally. Thompson South-Western.