Value of American Higher Education: Non-Parametric Analysis of a LinkedIn Survey
- 1 School of Business, Northcentral University, La Jolla, CA, USA
Abstract
The costs of a higher education are preclusive for many Americans. This is true despite the trend over the years for legal policy to encourage greater access for underrepresented demographics. This paper reports on the free- education trend via inquiry of a variety of professionals, students, and academics via LinkedIn ( n = 621). After conducting a series of Wilcoxon Signed- Rank tests on the survey data, the results indicated that higher education holds definite perceptual value, while also suggesting concerns in terms of cost. The true cost of some higher education versus its practical, financial, future-value remains an issue to be balanced by society. This debate will also need to implicate access to education by poor and minority demographics. There is a definable need for further studies comparing policy options; whether they are derived from social media or a conference room is less important than if we fail to have these discourses at all.
- Bardus, M., El Rassi, R., Chahrour, M., Akl, E., Raslan, A., Meho, L., & Akl, E. (2020). The Use of Social Media to Increase the Impact of Health Research: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22, e15607.
- Bishop, P., & Herron, R. (2015). Use and Misuse of the Likert Item Responses and Other Ordinal Measures. International Journal of Exercise Science, 8, 297-302. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833473/
- Cabrera, N., Franklin, J., & Watson, J. (2016). Whiteness in Higher Education. ASHE Higher Education Report, 42, 7-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/aehe.20116
- Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Frankiewicz, B. (2019). 6 Reasons Why Higher Education Needs to Be Disrupted. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/amp/2019/11/6-reasons-why-higher-education-needs-to-be-disrupted
- Cooper, D., & Johnson, T. (2016). How to Use Survey Results. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 104, 174-177. https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.104.2.016
- El Rassi, R., Elie, A., Bardus, M., Meho, L., & Farha, A. (2017). The Use of Social Media for Disseminating Health Research. University of York. http://www.crd.york.ac.uk
- Geoff, N. (2010). Likert Scales, Levels of Measurement and the “Laws” of Statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15, 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9222-y
- Goldrick-Rab, S., Richardson, J., Schneider, J., Hernandez, A., & Cady, C. (2018). Still Hungry and Homeless in College. Wisconsin Hope Lab. https://hope4college.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Wisconsin-HOPE-Lab-Still-Hungry-and-Homeless.pdf
- Hornsby, T. (2021). Student Loan Debt Statistics in 2021: A Look at the Numbers. Student Loan Planner. https://www.studentloanplanner.com/student-loan
- Jencks, C., Riesman, D., & Jencks, C. (2002). The Academic Revolution. Routledge.
- Lennox, R. J., Veríssimo, D., Twardek, W. M., Davis, C. R., & Jaric, I. (2020). Sentiment Analysis as a Measure of Conservation Culture in Scientific Literature. Conservation Biology, 34, 462-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13404
- LinkedIn Marketing Solutions (2021). https://business.linkedin.com/mark
- Lloyd, B., Torelli, J., & Pollack, M. (2020). Practitioner Perspectives on Hypothesis Testing Strategies in the Context of Functional Behavior Assessment. Journal of Behavioral Education, 30, 417-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-020-09384-4