The English language is a widely used communicative language worldwide as more people take up English as Second Language (ESL). English is taught in Malaysia from the primary level until the tertiary level. However, written communicative competence among students is still low as students could not deve lop, organise and structure their written paragraphs appropriately. In line with these, this study aims to investigate if there is a significant difference in students’ narrative writing performances after implementing the mind map technique. A total of 16 students were selected as research samples through purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study are pre-test scores, po st-test scores and semi-structured interviews. It uses descriptive analysis and statistical analysis of pre-test and post-test scores using SPSS and semi-structured interviews, which were thematically analysed as e vidence. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test score (M = 8.19, SD = 2.562) and post-test scores (13.81, SD = 3.124) given the conditions; t (15) = -9.893, p = 0.005 which proves that students’ narrative writing performance does show improvement after comparing both the pre-test and post-test scores using SPSS. Overall, the findings reflect a positive result.
KeywordsEnglish as Second Language (ESL)Mind MapNarrative WritingWriting PerformanceWriting Skills
Abubakar, S. R., Hidayat, A., Gadafi, M., & Sahriana, N. (2021). Using Mind Mapping Learning Methods for Children’s Language Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 15, 141-161. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.151.08
Al-Jarf, R. (2021). Teaching Reading to EFL Freshman Students with Mind Mapping Software. Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching, 5, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3825817
Al-Zyoud, A. A., Al Jamal, D., & Baniabdelrahman, A. (2017). Mind Mapping and Students’ Writing Performance. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 8, 280-291. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no4.19
Aydogdu, S., & Güyer, T. (2019). The Effect of Digital Concept Maps in Online Learning Environments on Students’ Success and Disorientation. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7, 76-93. https://doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2019.01.006
Borkar, R. (2011). How to Use Mind Mapping for Studying. Buzzle.
Brown, D. H. (2003). Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices. Longman. https://www.academia.edu/26575645/H_Douglas_Brown_Language_Assessment_Principles_and_Classroom_Practice
Bruner, J. (1991). The Narrative Construction of Reality. Critical Inquiry, 18, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1086/448619
Chang, J. H., Chiu, P. S., & Huang, Y. M. (2018). A Sharing Mind Map-Oriented Approach to Enhance Collaborative Mobile Learning with Digital Archiving Systems. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.3168
Council of Europe, Council for Cultural Co-Operation, Education Committee, Modern Languages Division (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Cambridge University Press.
Dass, L. C., Hay, T., & Harun, Z. H. (2021). Project Zero: A Framework for Innovative Pedagogy in the Teaching of English in Malaysia? Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 18, 17-35. https://doi.org/10.52696/BQUG1201
Habibi, A., Wachyunni, S., & Husni, N. (2017). Students’ Perception on Writing Problems: A Survey at One Islamic University in Jambi. Ta’dib: Journal of Islamic Education (Jurnal Pendidikan Islam), 22, 96-108.
Heidari, A. A., & Karimi, L. (2015). The Effect of Mind Mapping on Vocabulary Learning and Retention. International Journal of Educational Investigations, 2, 54-72.
Hofland, C. (2007). Mind-Mapping in the EFL Classroom. Fontys Teacher Training College Sittard.
Jones, B. D., Ruff, C., Snyder, J. D., Petrich, B., & Koonce, C. (2012). The Effects of Mind Mapping Activities on Students’ Motivation. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 6, Article No. 5. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2012.060105
Keles, O. (2012). Elementary Teachers’ Views on Mind Mapping. International Journal of Education, 4, 93-100. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v4i1.1327
Khoiriyah, S., Prasetya, A., & Maula, I. (2021, April). The Application of Mind Mapping to Teach Reading of Narrative Text. In R. N. Azqiya, & S. D. Matra (Eds.), National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education) (pp. 133-142). Universitas Pekalongan.
Krishnan, A. G., Srisai Devikrishna, D., & Aich, S. C. (2021). Online Education amidst Pernicious COVID Scourge: Altering Traditional Educational System and Implementation of Arts-Friendly Distance Education Strategies. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25, 7470-7475.
Listyani, & Tananuraksakul, N. (2019). Motivation, Self-Confidence, and Anxiety in English Language Learning: Indonesian and Thai Students’ Perspectives. Accents Asia, 11, 54-77.
Liu, Y., Zhao, G., Ma, G., & Bo, Y. (2014). The Effect of Mind Mapping on Teaching and Learning: A Meta-Analysis. Standard Journal of Education and Essay, 2, 17-31.
Lukas, B. A., & Yunus, M. M. (2021). ESL Teachers’ Challenges in Implementing E-Learning during COVID-19. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20, 330-348. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.2.18
Namasivayam, P., Singh, C. K. S., Mostafa, N. A., Janoory, L., & Abdullah, M. S. (2017). Improving ESL Students’ Descriptive Writing through Wh-Question Technique. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7, 219-231. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i7/3091
Ningrum, E., & Ahmad Yani, N. (2021). Meaningful Learning and Use of Mind-Map in Geography Subject at Senior High School. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56, 210-219. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.1.21
Novianti, A., & Kareviati, E. (2021). Students’ Response toward the Implementation of MINDOMO in Writing Descriptive Text at the Seventh Grade the Students in CIMAHI. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 4, 369-374. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i3.p369-374
Nurlaila, A. P. (2013). The Use of Mind Mapping Technique in Writing Descriptive Text. Journal of English and Education, 1, 9-15.
Pablo, J. C. I., & Lasaten, R. C. S. (2018). Writing Difficulties and Quality of Academic Essays of Senior High School Students. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 6, 46-57.
Pazilah, F. N. P., Hashim, H., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Using Technology in ESL Classroom: Highlights and Challenges. Creative Education, 10, 3205-3212. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012244
Saed, H. A., & Al-Omari, H. A. (2014). The Effectiveness of a Proposed Program Based on a Mind Mapping Strategy in Developing the Writing Achievement of Eleventh Grade EFL Students in Jordan and Their Attitudes towards Writing. Journal of Education and Practice, 5, 88-110.
Sani, S., & Ismail, H. H. (2021). Assessing the Use of Learning Strategies among Young Malaysian English as Second Language Learners. Creative Education, 12, 2124-2145. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.129163
Sari, R. M. (2020). Analysis of Maritime Learning Material Development Needs Using Google Form. In International Conference on Online and Blended Learning 2019 (ICOBL 2019) (pp. 90-95). Atlantis Press.
Scane, J. (1991). Think, Write, Share: Process Writing for Adult ESL and Basic Education Students. Scholarly Book Services, Inc.
Stankovic, N., Besic, C., Papic, M., & Aleksic, V. (2011). The Evaluation of Using Mind Maps in Teaching. Technics Technologies Education Management, 6, 337-343.
Tee, T. K., Azman, M. N. A., Mohamed, S., Mohamad, M. M., Yunos, J. M., Yee, M. H., & Othman, W. (2014). Buzan Mind Mapping: An Efficient Technique for Note-Taking. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 28-31.
Vijayavalsalan, B. (2016). Mind Mapping as a Strategy for Enhancing Essay Writing Skills. The New Educational Review, 45, 137-150. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2016.45.3.11
Yulianti, D. (2018). Learning Strategies Applied by the Students in Writing English Text. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 8, 19-38. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v8i1.583
Yunus, M. M. (2018). Innovation in Education and Language Learning in 21st Century. Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research, 2, 33-34. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsder.v2i1.12355
Yunus, M. M., & Chien, C. H. (2016). The Use of Mind Mapping Strategy in Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Writing. Creative Education, 7, 619-626. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.74064
Yunus, M. M., Hashim, H., Edwin, J. L., Yee, H. Y., & Arif, N. I. H. (2019). The “Branches Map” Method and ESL Students’ Motivation in Essay Writing. Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 4, 46-51.
Yunus, M. M., Hashim, H., Sulaiman, N. A., Sulaiman, W. S. M., Richmond, R. L., Jarail, S., & Royal, N. (2018). Students’ Awareness and Perceptions towards “Pre-Writing Stage” as a Strategy in Writing Directed Essay. Creative Education, 9, 2215-2223. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.914162