Developing Mathematical Proof: Back to the Future with Vieta Extended Theorem

Abstract

The education system is in a constant search for ways to improve the quality of its daily educational work in the classroom, in response to the increasing demand that its graduates reach achievements appropriate for the 21 st century. The current mathematics curriculum for middle schools in Israel introduces students mainly to proofs in geometry, and seems unaware of the need for algebraic proofs and the insights rooted in proving theorems. This paper suggests interesting and challenging research activity for 8 th and 9 th grade students, who are taking their first steps in algebra. This activity would require them to go back in time to the 16 th century, and follow the work of Fran ç ois Viète, a French mathematician who was one of the fathers of modern algebra. Algebraic knowledge required to prove Vieta’s extended theorem corresponds to the algebraic knowledge of middle school students. The activity suggested in this historic context could be an intellectual experience for the students because it encourages searching for relationships and constancy, understanding the need for proof in algebra, and applying the theorem through solving varied questions and creating new questions. Mathematics teachers who choose this topic and place the students at the center as independent learners, could cultivate and promote mathematical thinking among their students.