Philosophical Considerations in Health: Conceptualizing to Educate—A Perspective on Neglected Tropical Diseases in Brazil — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Philosophical Considerations in Health: Conceptualizing to Educate—A Perspective on Neglected Tropical Diseases in Brazil
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (Institute of Biology), Laboratory of Bio-Pathogens and Cell Activation & Educa-tional Process—Labiopac & ProEduc, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (Institute of Biology), Laboratory of Bio-Pathogens and Cell Activation & Educa-tional Process—Labiopac & ProEduc, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (Institute of Biology), Laboratory of Bio-Pathogens and Cell Activation & Educa-tional Process—Labiopac & ProEduc, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
Graduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology of the University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
Graduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology of the University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (Institute of Biology), Laboratory of Bio-Pathogens and Cell Activation & Educa-tional Process—Labiopac & ProEduc, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (Institute of Biology), Laboratory of Bio-Pathogens and Cell Activation & Educa-tional Process—Labiopac & ProEduc, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (Institute of Biology), Laboratory of Bio-Pathogens and Cell Activation & Educa-tional Process—Labiopac & ProEduc, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4 Graduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology of the University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
5 Graduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology of the University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
This paper aims to recover the history of health concept evolution from its birth in Ancient Greece to the contemporary days, drawing an overview of the firsts philosophical thoughts about health in distinctive historical periods, analyzing how this concept has been impacted by knowledge improvement and both research and technological discoveries over time. In order to understand the persistence of Neglected Tropical Diseases which causes physical disabilities and social discrimination, this paper will focus on Leprosy and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and its relation to social inequality mainly in developing countries. These approaches on the understanding of the health-disease binomial are necessary to reflect on health in the course of human history and, from there, to promote joint actions both in the area of scientific research and health education.
Atlan, H. (1991). Tudo, Nao, Talvez: Educacao e verdade. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.
Badiou, A. (1995). ética: Um ensaio sobre a consciência do mal. Rio de Janeiro: Relume.
Barreto, M. L. (2017). Health Inequalities: A Global Perspective Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva, 22, 2097-2108. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017227.02742017
Bechler, R. G. (2012). Hansen versus Neisser: Controvérsias científicas na “descoberta” do bacilo da lepra. História, Ciências, Saúde—Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 19, 815-841. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702012000300003
Behague, D. P., & Storeng, K. (2008). Collapsing the Vertical-Horizontal Divide: An Ethnographic Study of Evidence-Based Policymaking in Maternal Health. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 644-649. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.123117
Camargo, E. P. (2008). Doencas Tropicais. Estudos Avancados, 22, 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142008000300007
Canguilhem, G. (1990). La Santé: Concept vulgaire e question philosophique. Paris: Sables.
Canguilhem, G. O. (1978). Normal e o Patológico. Rio de Janeiro: Forense-Universitária.
Czeresnia, D. (1999). The Concept of Health and the Difference between Promotion and Prevention. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 15, 701-709. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X1999000400004
Dzielska, M., & Lyra, F. (1996). Hypatia of Alexandria. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Han, X. Y., Seo, Y.-H., Sizer, K. C., Schoberle, T., May, G. S., Spencer, J. S., Li, W. and Geetha Nair, R. (2008). A New Mycobacterium Species Causing Diffuse Lepromatous Leprosy. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 130, 856-864. https://doi.org/10.1309/ajcpp72fjzzrrvmm
Hanefeld, J., Spicer, N., Brugha, R., & Walt, G. (2007). How Have Global Health Initiatives Impacted on Health Equity: What Strategies Can Be Put in Use to Enhance Their Positive Impact and Mitigate against Negative Impacts? A Literature Review Commissioned by the Health System Knowledge Network. http://www.who.int/social_determinants/ resources/csdh_media/global_health_initiatives_2007_en.pdf
Heidmann, I. T., Almeida, M. C., Boehs, A. E., Wosny, A. M., & Monticelli, M. (2006). Promocao à saúde: Trajetória histórica de suas concepcoes. Texto Contexto Enfermagem, 15, 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072006000200021
Hotez, P. J., Pecoul, B., Rijal, S., Boehme, C., Aksoy, S., Malecela, M., Tapia-Conyer, R., & Reeder, J. C. (2016). Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Translational Sciences and New Technologies. PLOS Tropical Diseases Neglected, 10, e0003895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003895
Kickhofel, E. H. P. (2011). A ciência visual de Leonardo da Vinci: Notas para uma interpretacao de seus estudos anatomicos. Scientiae Zudia, 9, 319-355. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662011000200005
Leavell, S., & Clarck, E. G. (1976). Medicina Preventiva. Sao Paulo: McGraw-Hill.
Lennon, J. L. (1988). A Review of Health Education in Leprosy. International Journal of Leprosy, 56, 611-618.
Lopez-Calva, N. et al. (2013). The Impact of Taxes and Social Spending on Inequality and Poverty in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico and Peru: A Synthesis of Results. Working Paper 311, Washington DC: Center for Global Development. http://www.commitmentoequity.org/publications_files/CEQWPNo13%20Lustig%20et%20al. %20Overview%20Arg,Bol,Bra,Mex,Per,Ury%20April%202013.pdf
Morel, C. M. (2006). Inovacao em saúde e doencas negligenciadas. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 22, 1522-1523. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2006000800001
Rhodes, P. (1985). An Outline History of Medicine. London: Butterworths.
Roalkvam, S., & McNeill, D. (2016). What Counts as Progress? The Contradictions of Global Health Initiatives. Forum for Development Studies, 43, 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2015.1134645
Salis, L. H. A., & Silva, S. N. A. (2003). Medicina: Quando a arte, a ciência e a tecnologia se associam para cuidar das pessoas. Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia, 15, 157-166.
Santos D., Coutinho, C. E. R., Madeira, M. F., Bottino, C. G., Vieira, R. T., Nascimento, S. B., Bernardino, A., Bourguignon, S. C., Corte-Real, S., Pinho, R. T., Rodrigues, C. R., & Castro, H. C. (2008). Leishmaniasis Treatment—A Challenge That Remains: A Review. Parasitology Research, 103, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-0943-2
Santos, B. S. (1987). Um discurso sobre as ciências. Porto: Afrontamento.
Santos, D., Sandra, S. L., Esquenazi, D., Nery, J. A., Defruyt, M., Lorré, K., & Van Heuverswyn, H. (2001). Evaluation of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) Costimulatory Molecules and Dendritic Cells on the Immune Response in Leprosy. Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association, 70, 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.70.15
Santos, D., Van Heuverswyn, H., Nery, J. A., Bourguignon, S., Castro, H., Rangel, C., & Miranda, A. (2007). Expression of B7-1 Costimulatory Molecule in Lepromatous Leprosy and Reactional Episodes. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 32, 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02291.x
Scollard, D. M., Adams, L. B., Gillis, T. P., Krahenbuhl, J. L., Truman, R. W., & Williams, D. L. (2006). The Continuing Challenges of Leprosy. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19, 338-381. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006
Simson, R. (2018). Mapping Recent Inequality Trends in Developing Countries, Working Paper. London: International Inequalities Institute, the London School of Economics and Political Sciences. http://www.lse.ac.uk/International-Inequalities/Assets/Documents/Working-Papers/III-Working-Paper-24-mapping-recent -inequality-trends-in-developing-countries.pdf
Souza, P. R. H. (2002). Avicenna: A Viagem da Alma (p. 39). Sao Paulo: Perspectiva.
WHO (2012). Organizacao Mundial da Saúde, 2012. Primeiro relatório da OMS sobre doencas tropicais negligenciadas: Avancos para superar o impacto global de doencas tropicais negligenciadas.
World Health Organization (2007). Title: Making a Difference: 30 Years of Research and Capacity Building in Tropical Diseases.
World Health Organization (2015). Annual Reports I.