Design and Simulation of a Secure and Robust Underwater Acoustic Communication System in the Persian Gulf
- 1
- 2
- 3
Abstract
In recent years, underwater acoustic (UWA) communications have received much attention as their applications have begun to shift from military toward commercial. Digital communications through UWA channels differ substantially from those in other media, such as radio channels, due to severe signal degradations caused by multipath propagation and high temporal and spatial variability of the channel conditions. This paper describes a project designed, based on the results obtained from extensive laboratory and field experiments on sound speed profile in different depths of the Persian Gulf, to investigate and demonstrate an underwater acoustic communication system. Transmitted data are acoustic signals to which for more safety in transmission and low frequency bandwidth, Rivest cipher cryptography algorithm and linear prediction coding are applied, respectively. In transmitter, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) signaling is employed to make efficient use of the available channel bandwidth. In the channel, a comprehensive model for short-range shallow water multipath acoustic channel is presented. The mathematical modeling of the multi-path effects is based on the ray tracing and the image method. Also, the attenuations due to wave scatterings at the surface and their bottom reflections are accounted for. In addition, we consider the loss due to the frequency absorption of different materials and the presence of ambient noises such as the sea state noise, shipping noise, thermal noise and turbulences. In the receiver, to overcome the difficulties of inter symbol interference, adaptive equalization using Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) is applied.
- M. Stojanovic, “Recent Advances in High-Speed Under- water Acoustic Communications,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 121, No. 2, 1996, pp. 125-136. doi:10.1109/48.486787
- M. Stojanovic, J. A. Catipovic and J. G. Proakis, “Reduced- Complexity Multichannel Processing of Underwater Acoustic Communication Signals,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vo1. 98, No. 2, 1995, pp. 961-972.
- M. Johnson, L. Freitag and M. Stojanovic, “Efficient Equalizer Update Algorithms for Acoustic Communi- cation Channels of Varying Complexity,” Proceedings of IEEE OCEANS197 Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, October 1997, pp. 580-585.
- P. Bragard and G. Jourdain, “A Fast Self-Optimized LMS Algorithm For Nonstationary Identification Application to Underwater Equalization,” Proceedings of ICASSP’90, Albuquerque, 3-6 April, 1990, pp. 1425-1428.
- B. Geller, V. Capellano, J. M. Brossier, A. Essebar and G. Jourdain, “Equalizer for Video Rate Transmission in Multipath Underwater Communications,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1996, pp. 150- 155. doi:10.1109/48.486790
- M. Kocic, D. Brady and M. Stojanovic, “Sparse Equalization for Real-Time Digital Underwater Acoustic Communications,” Proceedings of IEEE Oceans’95, San Diego, 9-12 October 1995, pp. 1417-1421.
- A. S. Spanias, “Speech Coding: Tutorial Review,” Pro- ceedings of IEEE, Vol. 82, No. 10, 1994, pp. 1541-1582. doi:10.1109/5.326413
- T. Painter and A. S. Spanias, “Perceptual Coding of Digital Audio,” Proceedings of IEEE, Vol. 88, No. 4, 2002, pp. 451-515. doi:10.1109/5.842996
- M. Y. Rhee, “Internet Security,’’ John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York, 2003.
- B. Stephen, “Error Control Systems for Digital Com- munication and Storage,’’ Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1995.
- M. C. Jeruchim, P. Balaban and K. S. Shanmugan, “Si- mulation of Communication Systems,’’ Plenum Press, New York, 1992.
- K. O. Emery, “Sediments and Water of the Persian Gulf,” AAPG Bull, Vol. 40, 1956, pp. 2354-2383.
- E. Seibold and J. Ulrich, “Zur Bodengestalt des Nord- westlichen Gulfs von Oman,” Meteor Forsch Er- gebnisses, Reihe C, Vol. 3, 1970, pp. 1-14.
- R. M. Reynolds, “Physical Oceanography of the Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and the Gulf of Oman,” Results from the Mt Mitchell Expedition, Marin Pollution Bulltin, Vol. 27, 1993, pp. 35-59.