An Integrated Model of Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Structural Analysis in Jordan’s Banking Sector — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
An Integrated Model of Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Structural Analysis in Jordan’s Banking Sector
Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
,
Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
,
Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
,
Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
,
Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
1 Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
2 Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
3 Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
4 Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
5 Business Management Department, School of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
The purpose of this research is to investigate the interrelationships among the three behavioural constructs of job involvement, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Accordingly, a structural model is developed to delineate the interactions among these constructs and explore the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between job involvement and organizational commitment. A questionnaire-based survey was designed to test the aforementioned model based on a dataset of 315 employees working in twelve out of twenty six banks operating in the capital city of Jordan, Amman. The model and posited hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling analysis. The results indicated that job involvement positively and significantly affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Additionally, job satisfaction proved to be positively related to organizational commitment. Furthermore, job satisfaction positively and significantly partially mediated the relationship between job involvement and organizational commitment.
Masa’deh, R. and Shannak, R. (2012) Intermediary Effects of Knowledge Management Strategy and Learning Orientation on Strategic Alignment and Firm Performance. Research Journal of International Studies, 24, 112-128.
Dahiyat, S.E. (2015) An Integrated Model of Knowledge Acquisition and Innovation: Examining the Mediation Effects of Knowledge Integration and Knowledge Application. International Journal of Learning and Change, 8, 101-132. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLC.2015.074064
Altamony, H., Masa’deh, R., Alshurideh, M. and Obeidat, B. (2012) Information Systems for Competitive Advantage: Implementation of an Organisational Strategic Management Process. Proceedings of the 18th IBIMA Conference on Innovation and Sustainable Economic Competitive Advantage: From Regional Development to World Economic, Istanbul, 9-10 May 2012.
Shannak, R., Masa’deh, R., Obeidat, B. and Almajali, D. (2010) Information Technology Investments: A Literature Review. Proceedings of the 14th IBIMA Conference on Global Business Transformation through Innovation and Knowledge Management: An Academic Perspective, Istanbul, 23-24 June 2010, 1356-1368.
Shannak, R., Masa’deh, R., Al-Zu’bi, Z., Obeidat, B., Alshurideh, M. and Altamony, H. (2012) A Theoretical Perspective on the Relationship between Knowledge Management Systems, Customer Knowledge Management, and Firm Competitive Advantage. European Journal of Social Sciences, 32, 520-532.
Ismail, N. (2012) Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Staff of Higher Learning Education Institutions in Kelantan. Unpublished Master Thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok.
Tseng, S.-M. and Lee, P.-S. (2014) The Effect of Knowledge Management Capability and Dynamic Capability on Organizational Performance. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27, 158-179. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-05-2012-0025
Hajir, J.A., Obeidat, B.Y., Al-dalahmeh, M.A. and Masa’deh, R. (2015) The Role of Knowledge Management Infrastructure in Enhancing Innovation at Mobile Telecommunication Companies in Jordan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 50, 313-330.
Obeidat, B., Al-Suradi, M., Masa’deh, R. and Tarhini, A. (2016) The Impact of Knowledge Management on Innovation: An Empirical Study on Jordanian Consultancy Firms. Management Research Review, 39, 1214-1238. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-09-2015-0214
Yew, L.T. (2013) The Influence of Human Resources Management (HRM) Practices on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention of Academics in Malaysia: The Organizational Support Perspective. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Information, Bali, 7-9 July 2013.
Riveros, A.M. and Tsai, T.S.T. (2011) Career Commitment and Organizational Commitment in For-Profit and Non-Profit Sectors. International Journal of Emerging Science, 1, 324-340.
Jain, A.K., Giga, S.I. and Cooper, C.L. (2009) Employee Well-Being, Control and Organizational Commitment. Learning and Organizational Development Journal, 30, 256-273.
Fossey, E.M. and Harvey, C.A. (2010) Finding and Sustaining Employment: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Mental Health Consumer Views. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 77, 303-314. https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2010.77.5.6
Srivastava, S. (2013) Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Relationship: Effect of Personality Variables. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 17, 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262912483529
Mgedezi, S., Toga, R. and Mjoli, T. (2014) Intrinsic Motivation and Job Involvement on Employee Retention: Case Study—A Selection of Eastern Cape Government Departments. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 2119-2126. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2119
Nwibere, B.M. (2014) Interactive Relationship between Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Organizational Commitment in Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 3, 321-340.
Albdour, A.A. and Altarawneh, I.I. (2014) Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment; Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business, 19, 192-212.
Alkalha, Z., Al-Zu’bi, Z., Al-Dmour, H., Alshurideh, M. and Masa’deh, R. (2012) Investigating the Effects of Human Resource Policies on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study on Commercial Banks Operating in Jordan. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 51, 44-64.
Al-Majali, M.Y. and Sunna’a, H.J.S. (2013) Jordan Ahli Bank’s Commitment to Applying the Concept of Strategic Management Field Study. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2, 746-775.
AL-Rousan, M.A. (2014) The Relationship between the Management Information System and the Administrative Empowerment (A Field Study on the Jordanian Banking Sector). International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 4, 121-129.
Melhem, Y. (2003) Employee-Customer-Relationships: An Investigation into the Impact of Customer-Contact Employees’ Capabilities on Customer Satisfaction in Jordan Banking Sector. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
Al-Ma’ani, A.I. (2013) Factors Affecting the Organizational Loyalty of Workers in the Jordanian Commercial Banks. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4, 878-896.
Abdallah, A. and Phan, C.A. (2007) The Relationship between Just-in-Time Production and Human Resource Management, and Their Impact on Competitive Performance. Yokohama Business Review, 28, 27-57.
Seo, J.Y. (2013) Job Involvement of Part-Time Faculty: Exploring Associations with Distributive Justice, Underemployment, Work Status Congruence, and Empowerment. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa.
Masa’deh, R., Obeidat, B., Zyod, D. and Gharaibeh, A. (2015) The Associations among Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Knowledge Sharing, Job Performance, and Firm Performance: A Theoretical Model. Journal of Social Sciences (COES and RJ-JSS), 4, 848-866.
Masa’deh, R., Obeidat, B. and Tarhini, A. (2016) A Jordanian Empirical Study of the Associations among Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Knowledge Sharing, Job Performance, and Firm Performance: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Journal of Management Development, 35, 681-705. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2015-0134
Phan, A.C., Abdallah, A.B. and Matsui, Y. (2011) Quality Management Practices and Competitive Performance: Empirical Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 133, 518-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.01.024
Aladwan, K., Bhanugopan, R. and Fish, A. (2013) To What Extent the Arab Workers Committed to Their Organizations? International Journal of Commerce and Management, 23, 306-326. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCoMA-03-2012-0020
Vratskikh, I., Masa’deh, R., Al-Lozi, M. and Maqableh, M. (2016) The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance via the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 11, 69-91. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p69
Awamleh, N. (1996) Organizational Commitment of Civil Service Managers in Jordan: A Field Study. Journal of Management Development, 15, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610117277
Shannak, R., Obeidat, B. and Masa’deh, R. (2012) Culture and the Implementation Process of Strategic Decisions in Jordan. Journal of Management Research, 4, 257-281. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v4i4.2160
Obeidat, B., Masa’deh, R. and Abdallah, A. (2014) The Relationships among Human Resource Management Practices, Organizational Commitment, and Knowledge Management Processes: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. International Journal of Business and Management, 9, 9-26. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n3p9
Khan, T.I., Jam, F.A., Akbar, A., Khan, M.B. and Hijazi, S.T. (2011) Job Involvement as Predictor of Employee Commitment: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 6, 252-262.
Mathieu, J.E. and Farr, J.L. (1991) Further Evidence for the Discriminant Validity of Measures of Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.127
Mathieu, J.E. and Zajac, D. (1990) A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
Hirschfeld, R.R. and Field, H.S. (2000) Work Centrality and Work Alienation: Distinct Aspects of a General Commitment to Work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 789-800. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1379(200011)21:7 3.0.CO;2-W
Paullay, I., Alliger, G. and Stone-Romero, E. (1994) Construct Validation of Two Instruments Designed to Measure Job Involvement and Work Centrality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 224-228. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.2.224
Lodahl, T.M. and Kejner, M.M. (1965) The Definition and Measurement of Job Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021692
DeCarufel, A. and Schaan, J.L. (1990) The Impact of Compressed Work Weeks on Police Job Involvement. Canadian Police College, 14, 81-97.
Hogan, N., Lambert, E. and Griffin, M. (2013) Loyalty, Love, and Investments: The Impact of Job Outcomes on the Organizational Commitment of Correctional Staff. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 40, 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812469944
Abdallah, A.B., Phan, C.P. and Matsui, Y. (2016) Investigating the Effects of Managerial and Technological Innovations on Operational Performance and Customer Satisfaction of Manufacturing Companies. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 10, 153-183. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2016.074824
Chen, C.-C. and Chiu, S.-F. (2009) The Mediating Role of Job Involvement in the Relationship between Job Characteristics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149, 474-494. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.149.4.474-494
Hackett, R.D., Lapierre, L.M. and Hausdorf, P.A. (2001) Understanding the Links between Work Commitment Constructs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 392-413. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1776
Brown, S.P., and Leigh, T.W. (1996) A New Look at Psychological Climate and Its Relationship to Job Involvement, Effort and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.358
Singh, A. and Gupta, B. (2015) Job Involvement, Organizational Commitment, Professional Commitment, and Team Commitment: A Study of Generational Diversity. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 22, 1192-1211. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2014-0007
Rowden, R.W. and Conine Jr., C.T. (2005) The Impact of Workplace Learning on Job Satisfaction in Small US Commercial Banks. Journal of Workplace Learning, 17, 215-230. https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620510597176
Locke, E.A. (1976) The Nature Causes and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In: Dunnette, M.C., Ed., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Rand McNally, Chicago, 1279-1349.
Yücel, I. (2012) Examining the Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 44-58. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n20p44
McNabb, N.S. (2009) The Daily Floggings Will Continue until Morale Improves: An Examination of the Relationships among Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Intention to Turnover. Unpublished PHD Dissertation, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma.
Ostroff, C. (1992) The Relationship between Satisfaction, Attitudes, and Performance: An Organizational Level Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 963-974. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.6.963
Schneider, B. and Snyder, R.A. (1975) Some Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 318-328. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076756
Armstrong, M. (2006) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 10th Edition, Kogan Page Publishing, London.
Weiss, D.J., Dawis, R.V., England, G.W. and Lofquist, L.H. (1967) Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Dirani, K.M. (2009) Measuring the Learning Organization Culture, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in the Lebanese Banking Sector. Human Resource Development International, 12, 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860902764118
Feinstein, A.H. and Vondrasek, D. (2001) A Study of Relationships between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Restaurant Employees. Journal of Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure Science. http://hotel.unlv.edu/pdf/jobSatisfaction.pdf
Buitendach, J.H. and Rothmann, S. (2009) The Validation of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire in Selected Organizations in South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 7, 1-8.
Sullivan, S.E. and Arthur, M.B. (2006) The Evolution of the Boundaryless Career Concept: Examining Physical and Psychological Mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.09.001
Becker, H.S. (1960) Notes on the Concept of Commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1086/222820
Porter, L.W., Steers, R.M., Mowday, R.T. and Boulian, P.V. (1974) Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335
Klein, H.J., Molloy, J.C. and Cooper, J.T. (2009) Conceptual Foundations: Construct Definitions and Theoretical Representations of Workplace Commitments. In: Klein, H.J., Becker, T.E. and Meyer, J.P., Eds., Commitment in Organizations: Accumulated Wisdom and New Directions, Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group, Florence, 3-36.
Enache, M., Sallan, J.M., Simo, P. and Fernandez, V. (2013) Organizational Commitment within a Contemporary Career Context. International Journal of Manpower, 34, 880-898. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2013-0174
Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M. (1982) Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. Academic Press, New York.
Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1991) A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Gunlu, E., Aksarayli, M. and Percin, N.S. (2010) Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Hotel Managers in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22, 693-717. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111011053819
Meyer, J.P. and Herscovitch, L. (2001) Commitment in the Workplace: Toward a General Model. Human Resource Management Review, 11, 299-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Furtmueller, E., van Dick, R. and Wilderom, C.P.M. (2011) On the Illusion of Organizational Commitment among Finance Professionals. Team Performance Management, 17, 255-278. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527591111159009
Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. and Topolnytsky, L. (2002) Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
Riketta, M. (2002) Attitudinal Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.141
Chen, M., Wang, Y.S. and Sun, V. (2012) Intellectual Capital and Organizational Commitment. Personnel Review, 41, 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481211212968
Tatlah, A., Ali, Z. and Saeed, M. (2011) Leadership Behavior and Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Study of Educational Professionals. International Journal of Academic Research, 3, 1293-1298.
Kwantes, C.T. (2009) Culture, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in India and the United States. Journal of Indian Business Research, 1, 196-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554190911013265
Meyer, J.P. and Parfyonova, N.M. (2010) Normative Commitment in the Workplace: A Theoretical Analysis and Re-Conceptualization. Human Resources Management Review, 20, 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.09.001
Davenport, J. (2010) Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment: The Moderating Effect of Locus of Control. Proceedings of ASBBS, Vol. 17, Las Vegas, 18-21 February 2010.
Cho, V. and Huang, X. (2012) Professional Commitment, Organizational Commitment, and the Intention to Leave for Professional Advancement. Information Technology and People, 25, 31-54. https://doi.org/10.1108/09593841211204335
Kanungo, R.N. (1979) The Concept of Alienation and Involvement Revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 119-138. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.1.119
Cohen, A. (1999) Relationships among Five Forms of Commitment: An Empirical Assessment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199905)20:3 3.0.CO;2-R
McElroy, J.C., Morrow, P.C. and Wardlow, T.R. (1999) A Career Stage Analysis of Police Officer Work Commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 27, 507-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(99)00021-5
Yiing, L.H. and Bin Ahmad, K.Z. (2009) The Moderating Effects of Organizational Culture on the Relationships between Leadership Behaviour and Organizational Commitment and between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction and Performance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 30, 53-86. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730910927106
Kuo, Y. (2013) Organizational Commitment in an Intense Competition Environment. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 113, 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571311289656
Islam, T., Khan, S.R., Ahmad, N.U.B., Ali, G., Ahmed, I. and Bowra, Z.A. (2013) Turnover Intentions: The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Commitment. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 1238-1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.452
Blau, G. and Boal, K. (1987) Conceptualizing How Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment Affect Turnover and Absenteeism. Academy of Management Review, 12, 288-300.
Suifan, T.S., Abdallah, A.B. and Sweis, R.J. (2015) The Effect of a Manager’s Emotional Intelligence on Employees’ Work Outcomes in the Insurance Industry in Jordan. International Business Research, 8, 67-82.
Uygur, A. and Kilic, G. (2009) A Study into Organizational Commitment and Job Involvement: An Application towards the Personnel in the Central Organization for Ministry of Health in Turkey. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 2, 113-125.
Gunz, H.P. and Gunz, S.P. (1994) Professional/Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction for Employed Lawyers. Human Relations, 47, 801-828. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679404700703
Parasuraman, S. and Nachman, S.A. (1987) Correlates of Organizational and Professional Commitment: The Case of Musicians in Symphony Orchestras. Group and Organization Management, 12, 287-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118701200305
Lachman, R. and Aranya, N. (1986) Job Attitudes and Turnover Intention among Professionals in Different Work Settings. Organization Studies, 7, 279-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068600700305
Hartmann, L.C. and Bambacas, M. (2000) Organizational Commitment: A Multi Method Scale Analysis and Test of Effects. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8, 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028912
Tayyeb, S. and Riaz, N. (2004) Validation of the Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 19, 123-149.
Singh, M. and Pestonjee, M. (1990) Job Involvement, Sense of Participation and Job Satisfaction: A Study in Banking Industry. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 26, 159-165.
Kanungo, R.N. (1982) Measurement of Job and Work Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.67.3.341
Pfeffer, J. (1994) Competitive Advantage through People. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
Diefendorff, J., Brown, D., Kamin, A. and Lord, B. (2002) Examining the Roles of Job Involvement and Work Centrality in Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Job Performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.123
Wood, S., Van Veldhoven, M., Croom, M. and de Menezes, L.M. (2012) Enriched Job Design, High Involvement Management and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Well-Being. Human Relations, 65, 419-445. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726711432476
Wood, S. and de Menezes, L.M. (2011) High Involvement Management, High Performance Work Systems and Well-Being. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 1586-1610.
Ollo-López, A., Bayo-Moriones, A. and Larraza-Kintana. M. (2016) Disentangling the Relationship between High-Involvement-Work-Systems and Job Satisfaction. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 38, 620-642. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-04-2015-0071
Hennessey, B.A. and Amabile, T.M. (2010) Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 569-598. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100416
Suliman, A. and Al Kathairi, M. (2012) Organizational Justice, Commitment and Performance in Developing Countries: The Case of the UAE. Employee Relations, 35, 98-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425451311279438
Al Azmi, N., Al-Lozi, M., Zu’bi, Z., Dahiyat, S. and Masa’deh, R. (2012) Patients Attitudes toward Service Quality and Its Impact on Their Satisfaction in Physical Therapy in KSA Hospitals. European Journal of Social Sciences, 34, 300-314.
Mohammed, F. and Eleswed, M. (2013) Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Correlational Study in Bahrain. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 3, 43-53.
Kanwar, Y.P.S., Singh, A.K. and Kodwani, A.D. (2012) A Study of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intent among the IT and ITES Sector Employees. The Journal of Business Perspective, 16, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/097226291201600103
Anari, N.N. (2012) Teachers: Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Workplace Learning, 24, 256-269. https://doi.org/10.1108/13665621211223379
Al-Hussami, M., Saleh, M.Y., Abdalkader, R.H. and Mahadeen, A.I. (2011) Predictors of Nursing Faculty Members’ Organizational Commitment in Governmental Universities. Journal of Nursing Management, 19, 556-566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01148.x
Al-Aameri, A.S. (2000) Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment for Nurses. Saudi Medical Journal, 21, 531-535.
Tiwari, V. and Singh, S.K. (2014) Moderation Effect of Job Involvement on the Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. SAGE Open, 1-7.
Eskildsen, J.K., Westlund, A.H. and Kristensen, K. (2004) Measuring Employee Assets—The Nordic Employee Index. Business Process Management Journal, 10, 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150410559216
Suifan, T., Abdallah, A.B. and Diab, H. (2016) The Influence of Work Life Balance on Turnover Intention in Private Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Work Life Conflict. European Journal of Business and Management, 8, 126-139.
Association of Banks in Jordan (2014) Annual Report. http://www.abj.org.jo/en-us/annualreports.aspx
Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2013) Research Methods for Business—A Skill Building Approach. 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, West Sussex.
Abdallah, A.B., Obeidat, B.Y. and Aqqad, N.O. (2014) The Impact of Supply Chain Management Practices on Supply Chain Performance in Jordan: The Moderating Effect of Competitive Intensity. International Business Research, 7, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v7n3p13
Abdallah, A.B. (2013) The Influence of “Soft” and “Hard” Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices on Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in Jordanian Manufacturing Companies. International Journal of Business and Management, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n21p1
Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1991) A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Armstrong, J.S. and Overton, T.S. (1977) Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 396-402. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150783
Harman, H.H. (1976) Modern Factor Analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. and Anderson, R. (2010) Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River.
Bollen, K.A. (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118619179
Garver, M.S. and Mentzer, J.T. (1999) Logistics Research Methods: Employing Structural Equation Modelling to Test for Construct Validity. Journal of Business Logistics, 20, 33-57.
Hu, L. and Bentler, P.M. (1999) Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W. (1988) Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981) Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Baron, R. and Kenny, D. (1986) The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Hayes, A. (2009) Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
Hayes, A.F. (2013) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. The Guilford Press, New York.
Ramadan, B., Dahiyat, S., Bontis, N. and Al-dalahmeh, M. (2017) Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Social Capital within the ICT Sector in Jordan. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18. (Accepted and to be published)
Abdallah, A. and Matsui, Y. (2009) The Impact of Lean Practices on Mass Customization and Competitive Performance of Mass-Customizing Plants. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Production and Operations Management Society (POMS) Conference, Orlando, 1-4 May 2009.
Kanaan, R., Masa’deh, R. and Gharaibeh, A. (2013) The Impact of Knowledge Sharing Enablers on Knowledge Sharing Capability: An Empirical Study on Jordanian Telecommunication Firms. European Scientific Journal, 9, 237-258.
Masa’deh, R., Almajali, D., Obeidat, B., Aqqad, N. and Tarhini, A. (2016) The Role of Knowledge Management Infrastructure in Enhancing Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Public Administration, 39, 14-34.
Chew, J. and Chan, C. (2008) Human Resource Practices, Organizational Commitment and Intention to Stay. International Journal of Manpower, 29, 503-522. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720810904194
Zu’bi, Z., Al-Lozi, M., Dahiyat, S., Alshurideh, M. and Al Majali, A. (2012) Examining the Effects of Quality Management Practices on Product Variety. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 51, 123-139.
Obeidat, B., Sweis, R., Zyod, D., Masa’deh, R. and Alshurideh, M. (2012) The Effect of Perceived Service Quality on Customer Loyalty in Internet Service Providers in Jordan. Journal of Management Research, 4, 224-242. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v4i4.2130
Masa’deh, R., Shannak, R., Maqableh, M. and Tarhini, A. (2016) The Impact of Knowledge Management on Job Performance in Higher Education: The Case of the University of Jordan. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 29, 25-43.
Abdallah, A.B. and Matsui, Y. (2007) The Relationship between JIT Production and Manufacturing Strategy and Their Impact on JIT Performance. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Production and Operations Management Society (POMS) Conference, Dallas.