This paper presents a current processing current-tunable universal biquad filter employing two current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) as active element and two grounded capacitors as passive element. It realizes all the five standard filtering responses such as low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) through appropriate selection of applied current inputs. Proposed circuit does not require minus input current signal and double input current signal to realize different filtering responses. It also does not require component matching condition to realize any filtering responses. Moreover, the circuit offers the advantage of orthogonal electronic tunability of pole-frequency and quality factor. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities. The circuit performance is verified through P-SPICE simulation software.
KeywordsBiquadCurrent-ModeUniversal FilterCCTA
B. Wilson, “Recent Developments in Current Conveyors and Current Mode Circuits,” IEE Proceeding-G, Vol. 137, No. 2, 1990, pp. 63-77.
M. A. Ibrahim, S. Minaei and H. A. Kuntman, “A 22.5 MHz Current-Mode KHN-Biquad Using Differential Voltage Current Conveyor and Grounded Passive Elements,” Int’l J. Electronics and Communication (AEü), Vol. 59, No. 5, 2005, pp. 311-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2004.11.027
A. M. Soliman, “Current Mode Universal Filter,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 17, 1995, pp. 1420-1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19951018
R. Senani, V. K. Singh, A. K. Singh and D. R. Bhaskar, “Novel Electronically Controllable Current Mode Universal Biquad Filter,” IEICE Electronics Express, Vol. 1, No. 14, 2004, pp. 410-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.1.410
S. Maheshwari, S. V. Singh and D. S. Chauhan, “Electronically Tunable Low Voltage Mixed-Mode Universal Biquad Filter,” IET Circuits, Devices and Systems, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2011, pp. 149-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2010.0061
M. T. Abuelma’atti and A. M. Shabra, “A Novel Current Conveyor-Based Universal Current-Mode Filter,” Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 27, No. 6, 1996, pp. 471-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2692(95)00108-5
S. Minaei and S. Türk?z, “New Current-Mode CurrentControlled Universal Filter with Single Input and Three Outputs,” Int’l J. Electronics, Vol. 88, No. 3, 2001, pp. 333-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210010013201?
A. U. Keskin, D. Biolek, E. Hancioglu and V. Biolkova, “Current-Mode KHN Filter Employing Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers,” Int’l J. Electronics and Communications, Vol. 60, No. 6, 2006, pp. 443-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2005.09.003
S. V. Singh, S. Maheshwari and D. S. Chauhan, “Universal Current-Controlled Current-Mode Biquad Filter Employing MO-CCCCTAs and Grounded Capacitors,” Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, Vol. 1, 2010, pp. 35-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2010.12006
T. Tsukutani, Y. Sumi, S. Iwanari and Y. Fukui, “Novel Current-Mode Biquad Using MO-CCCIIs and Grounded Capacitors,” Proceeding of 2005 Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication (ISPACS), Hong Kong, 13-16 December 2005, pp. 433-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISPACS.2005.1595439
B. Singh, A. K. Singh and R. Senani, “New Universal Current-Mode Biquad Using Only Three ZC-CFTA,” Radioengineering, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2012, pp. 273-280.
D. Biolek and V. Biolkova, “CDTA-C Current-Mode Universal 2nd Order Filter,” Proceeding of the 5th WSEAS Int’l Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications, Malta, 15-17 September 2005, pp. 411-414.
N. Herencsar, J. Koton and K. Vrva, “Single CCTABased Universal Biquad Filters Employing Minimum Components,” International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2009, pp. 307-310.
B. Metin, “Electronic Tunability in Analog Filters,” Ph.D. Thesis, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 2007.
W. Tangsriart and W. Surakampontorm, “Low Component Current-Mode Universal Filter Using Current Controlled Conveyors and Grounded Capacitors,” Journal of Active and Passive Electronic Devices, Vol. 8, 2009, pp. 259-264.
M. Kumngem, J. Chanwutitumt and K. Dejhan, “Current-Tunable Current-Mode Universal Filter Using Minimum Elements,” Proceeding of the 6th IEEE Int’l Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics and Information Technology (ECRI-CON), Pattaya, 6-9 May 2009, pp. 582-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECTICON.2009.5137074
E. Yuce, A. Kircay and S. Tokat, “Universal Resistorless Current-Mode Filters Employing CCCIIs,” Int’l Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, Vol. 36, No. 5-6, 2008, pp. 739-755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.455
W. Tangsriart and W. Surakampontorm, “Electronically Tunable Current-Mode Universal Filter Employing Only Plus-Type Current-Controlled Conveyors and Grounded Capacitors,” Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 25, No. 6, 2006, pp. 701-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-005-0908-y
N. Jangsamsi, T. Pukkalanun and W. Tangsrirat, “CCCIIBased High-Output Impedance Current-Mode Universal Filter Employing Only Grounded Capacitors,” SICEICASE International Joint IEEE Conference, Busan, 1821 October 2006, pp. 5695-5698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SICE.2006.314635
M. T. Abuelma’atti and M. L. Al-qahtani, “Universal Current-Contolled Current-Mode Filter with Three Inputs and One Output Using Current Controlled Conveyor,” Active Passive Electronic Components, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1998, pp. 33-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/83413
C. M. Chang, T. H. Huang, S. H. Tu, C. L. Hou and J. W. Horng, “Universal Active Current Filter Using Single Second-Generation Current Controlled Conveyor,” Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007, pp. 194-198.
W. Tangsrirat, T. Dumawipata and W. Surakampontorn, “Multiple-Input Single-Output Current-Mode Multifunction Filter Using Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers,” Int’l Journal of Electronic and Communication (AEü), Vol. 61, No. 4, 2007, pp. 209-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2006.04.004
S. Lawnwisut and M. Siripruchyanun, “A Current-Mode Multifunction Biquadratic Filter Using CFTAs,” Journal of King Mongkut’s University of Technology, North Bangkok, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2012, pp. 479-484.
J. Satansup, T. Pukkalanum and W. Tangsrirat, “Electronically Tunable Current-Mode Universal Filter Using VDTAs and Grounded Capacitors,” Proceeding of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hongkong, 13-15 March 2013, pp. 6-9.
T. Thosdeekoraphat, S. Summart, C. Saetiaw, S. Santalunai and C. Thongsopa, “Resistor-Less Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Using CCTAs and Grounded Capacitors,” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 69, 2012, pp. 559-563.
W. Jaikla, S. Siripongdee and P. Suwanjan, “MISO Current-Mode Biquad Filter with Independent Control of Pole Frequency and Quality Factor,” Radioengineering Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2012, pp. 886-891.
S. V. Singh and S. Maheshwari, “Current-Processing Current Controlled Universal Biquad Filter,” Radioengineering Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2012, pp. 317-323.