Simulate New Near Equatorial Satellite System by a Novel Multi-Fields and Purposes Remote Sensing Goniometer — Oak Academic Publishing
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Simulate New Near Equatorial Satellite System by a Novel Multi-Fields and Purposes Remote Sensing Goniometer
Hydraulic Structures Department, Faculty of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq
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Geospatial Information Science Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Level 6, Tower Block, Selangor, Malaysia
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National Space Agency Malaysia (ANGKASA), Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi, Pusat Angkasa Negara, Lot 2233, Jalan Turi, Kg. Sg. Lang, Banting, Malaysia
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Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
1 Hydraulic Structures Department, Faculty of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq
2 Geospatial Information Science Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Level 6, Tower Block, Selangor, Malaysia
3 National Space Agency Malaysia (ANGKASA), Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi, Pusat Angkasa Negara, Lot 2233, Jalan Turi, Kg. Sg. Lang, Banting, Malaysia
4 Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
Researchers in the remote sensing field use different types of images from satellite systems and simulator devices, such as goniometers. However, no device can simulate the new generation of optical satellite system called near-equatorial satellite system to perform different kinds of remote sensing applications in equatorial regions. This study proposed a newly invented laboratory and fieldwork goniometer designed to simulate and capture intensity variation and measure the bidirectional spectral reflectance of earth surface. The proposed goniometer is a multi-purpose and multi-field device. It is able to simulate different satellite systems and measure the intensity variation and spectral reflectance of earth’s surface features with freely azimuth and zenith angles of sensors and illumination source in fieldwork and/or laboratory. However, the system of invention is focusing on specific satellite orbital to work with the parameters and properties of NEqO satellite system in order to obtain NEqO system imagery for performing different applications such as geometric correction, relative radiometric normalization and change detection for future work. The significant of this invention is that most of the invented goniometers of remote sensing are able to work just in field or just in laboratory and use, carry just optical sensor or hyperspectral sensor. Specifically, our invention can do all these functions that are not available in existing goniometers. The proposed device offers several advantages, namely, high measurement speed, flexibility, low cost, efficiency, and possible measurement depending on the free zenith/azimuth angles of sensors and illumination sources. The proposed goniometer includes ten parts, and two different sensors (optical and hyperspectral).
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