Analytical Modeling and Computer Simulation of Heat Transfer Phenomena during Hydrothermal Processing Using SOLIDWORKS<sup>®</sup>
- 1 Eastern Engineering Solutions LLC, Detroit, MI, USA
- 2 Law Chamber, Muhammad Rafique (Advocate High Court Lahore, Supreme Court of Pakistan), Nizamabad Kot Khawaja Saeed, Lahore, Pakistan
- 3 University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract
Mathematical modeling of unit operations especially in biomaterials processing plays an important part in understanding simultaneous heat and mass transfer and fluid flow phenomena. Hydrothermal/supercritical processes are one such process which utilizes high temperature and pressure to synthesize materials for varied applications. The present study constitutes development of a model incorporating all standard transport equations and transient conditions to predict the behavior of process and thus materials upon heating to high temperature in an enclosed composite (Steel and Teflon (PFA) vessel. Commercial software package SOLIDWORKS ® is employed to simulate and output is presented as animations after post-processing. Results yield very useful data and information about process; materials of construction and materials being processed which helps in optimization.
- Byrappa, K. and Adschiri, T. (2007) Hydrothermal Technology for Nanotechnology. Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 53, 117-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2007.04.001
- Sadat-Shojai, M. (2009) Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Comparison between Hydrothermal and Solvo-Treatment Processes and Colloidal Stability of Produced Nanoparticles in a Dilute Experimental Dental Adhesive. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 6, 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245848
- Yoshimura, M. and Byrappa, K. (2008) Hydrothermal Processing of Materials: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Materials Science, 43, 2085-2103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1853-x
- Zhang, X. and Vecchio, K.S. (2007) Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Rods. Journal of Crystal Growth, 308, 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.07.059
- Nian, J.-N. and Teng, H. (2006) Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Anatase TiO2 Nanorods with Nanotubes as the Precursor. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 4193-4198. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0567321
- Rafique, M.M.A. (2018) Hydrothermal Processing of Phase Pure and Doped Hydroxyapatite and Its Characterization. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 8, 19. https://doi.org/10.4236/jeas.2018.81002
- Ashok, M., et al. (2007) Growth and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Crystals by Hydrothermal Method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 18, 895-898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0070-5
- Earl, J.S., Wood, D.J. and Milne, S.J. (2006) Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 26, 268-271. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/064
- Edward, H. (2010) Hughes Electrical and Electronic Technology. Pearson Education, London.
- Theraja, B.L. (1977) Textbook of Electrical Technology. S. Chand, New Delhi.
- Bergman, T.L., et al. (2011) Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. Wiley, Hoboken.
- Holman, J.P. (1968) Heat Transfer.
- Rafique, M.M.A. (2015) Modeling and Simulation of Heat Transfer Phenomena. In: Kazi, S.N., Ed., Heat Transfer Studies and Applications, IntechOpen, London, Chapter 9, 225-257. https://doi.org/10.5772/61029
- Rafique, M.M.A. and Iqbal, J. (2009) Modeling and Simulation of Heat Transfer Phenomena during Investment Casting. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 2132-2139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.11.007