In order to recover the strip pillar coal resources, reduce the amount of gangue mountain and realize remediation of the goaf environment in the old mining area, the raw gangue filling mining technology was proposed. According to the previous practical experience, the feasibility of the implementation of raw gangue filling mining technology in the coal-pressed area was analyzed. Through the filling gangue compaction test, the deformation under different loading stage s was obtained. Further, a reasonable prediction of the deformation beyond the experimental limited loading load was made based on the experimental results. Through the deformation source analysis of the whole process of gangue filling, the key factors for controlling deformation before, during, and after filling were determined. Additionally, the proportion of deformation during different stages was quantified. Considering the protection of surface buildings, mining fullness of the working face and mining technology, the production parameters of 1209 and 1210 filling working face s were preliminarily determined. Through numerical simulation, the rationality of mining scheme was verified. Based on the practice of 1209 working face and the key factors to control the deformation of gangue filling, the mining system and process in 1210 working face were optimized. According to the measured surface rock movement, raw gangue filling mining technology can meet the requirements of surface building protection level. Especially, this paper provides a method to quantitatively calculate the equivalent mining height (EMH) of raw gangue filling and its mining deformation, which has reference significance for old mining areas.
KeywordsCoal Resource Recovery under ConstructionRaw Gangue Filling MiningPrinciple of Space-Time ControlFilling System and Process Innovation
Shen, B. and Barton, N. (2018) Rock Fracturing Mechanisms around Underground Openings. Geomechanics and Engineering, 16, 35-47. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.1.035
Heritage, Y. (2019) Mechanics of Rib Deformation Observations and Monitoring in Australian Coal Mines. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.017
Kim, D. and Park, K. (2017) Evaluation of the Grouting in the Sandy Ground Using Bio Injection Material. Geomechanics and Engineering, 12, 739-752. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.739
Son, M., Moon, H.-K., Kim, Y. and Lee, S.-A. (2017) A Study on the Subsidence Risk Evaluation Using 3-D Rock Mass Collapse Simulation for Abandoned Mines. Geosystem Engineering, 20, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2016.1251341
Karfakis, M.G., Bowman, C.H. and Topuz, E. (1996) Characterization of Coal-Mine Refuse as Backfilling Material. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 14, 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00430273
Sotiriadis, K., Hlobil, M., Viani, A., Mácová, P. and Vopálensky, M. (2021) Physical-Chemical-Mechanical Quantitative Assessment of the Microstructural Evolution in Portland-Limestone Cement Pastes Exposed to Magnesium Sulfate Attack at Low Temperature. Cement and Concrete Research, 149, Article ID: 106566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106566
Martins, A.C.P., Franco De Carvalho, J.M., Costa, L.C.B., Andrade, H.D., de Melo, T.V., Ribeiro, J.C.L., Pedroti, L.G. and Peixoto, R.A.F. (2021) Steel Slags in Cement-Based Composites: An Ultimate Review on Characterization, Applications and Performance. Construction and Building Materials, 291, Article ID: 123265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123265
Brady, B.H.G. and Brown, E.T. (2006) Rock Mechanics: For Underground Mining. Springer, Berlin.
Abdul-Hussain, N. and Fall, M. (2012) Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behaviour of Sodium Silicate-Cemented Paste Tailings in Column Experiments. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 29, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.01.004
Hu, C.M., Wang, X.Y., Mei, Y., Yuan, Y.L. and Zhang, S.S. (2018) Compaction Techniques and Construction Parameters of Loess as Filling Material. Geomechanics and Engineering, 15, 1143-1151.
Wang, P., Mao, X. and Chen, S. (2019) CO2 Sequestration Characteristics in the Cementitious Material Based on Gangue Backfilling Mining Method. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29, 721-729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2019.03.005
Sivakugan, N., Rankine, R.M., Rankine, K.J. and Rankine, K.S. (2004) Geotechnical Considerations in Mine Backfilling in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14, 1168-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.007
Salguero, F., Grande, J.A., Valente, T., Garrido, R., de la Torre, M.L., Fortes, J.C. and Sánchez, A. (2014) Recycling of Manganese Gangue Materials from Waste-Dumps in the Iberian Pyrite Belt-Application as Filler for Concrete Production. Construction and Building Materials, 54, 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.082
Huang, P., Zhang, J., Yan, X., Spearing, A.J.S., Li, M. and Liu, S. (2021) Deformation Response of Roof in Solid Backfilling Coal Mining Based on Viscoelastic Properties of Waste Gangue. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 31, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.01.004
Zhang, Q., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Jiang, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Tian, X. and Yuan, L. (2022) Integrated Green Mining Technology of “Coal Mining-Gangue Washing-Backfilling-Strata Control-System Monitoring”—Taking Tangshan Mine as a Case Study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 5798-5811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16083-8
Poulsen, B.A., Adhikary, D. and Guo, H. (2018) Simulating Mining-Induced Strata Permeability Changes. Engineering Geology, 237, 208-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.03.001
Mei, Y., Hu, C.-M., Yuan, Y.-L., Wang, X.-Y. and Zhao, N. (2016) Experimental Study on Deformation and Strength Property of Compacted Loess. Geomechanics and Engineering, 11, 161-175. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.1.161
Esmaeili, M. and Khajehei, H. (2016) Mechanical Behavior of Embankments Overlying on Loose Subgrade Stabilized by Deep Mixed Columns. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8, 651-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.02.006
Barbato, J., Hebblewhite, B., Mitra, R. and Mills, K. (2016) Prediction of Horizontal Movement and Strain at the Surface Due to Longwall Coal Mining. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 84, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.02.006
Jaouhar, El-M., Li, L. and Aubertin, M. (2018) An Analytical Solution for Estimating the Stresses in Vertical Backfilled Stopes Based on a Circular Arc Distribution. Geomechanics and Engineering, 15, 889-898.
Wang, C., Shen, B., Chen, J., Tong, W., Jiang, Z., Liu, Y. and Li, Y. (2020) Compression Characteristics of Filling Gangue and Simulation of Mining with Gangue Backfilling: An Experimental Investigation. Geomechanics and Engineering, 20, 485-495.
Huang, Y., Li, J., Teng, Y., Dong, X., Wang, X., Kong, G. and Song, T. (2017) Numerical Simulation Study on Macroscopic Mechanical Behaviors and Micro-Motion Characteristics of Gangues Under Triaxial Compression. Powder Technology, 320, 668-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.08.002
Guo, W. (2013) Coal Mine Filling Mining Technology. China Coal Industry Publishing House, Beijing.
Zingano, A. and Weiss, A. (2019) Subsidence over Room and Pillar Retreat Mining in a Low Coal Seam. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.022
Zhao, J., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Ning, J. and Zhang, Y. (2020) Distribution Characteristics of Floor Pore Water Pressure Based on Similarity Simulation Experiments. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 4805-4816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01835-6