Solid waste management is becoming a more serious problem with time especially in developing countries like Iraq. It is not regulated sufficiently in Iraq. At present, there are various techniques used for solid waste management such as landfill, thermal treatment, biological treatment, recycling etc. The landfill is the most common mode for the disposal of solid waste. There are no regulations for landfill site selection which is quite complex process. In this study, landfill site selection was performed by using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Al-Mseiabqadaa. Even in the case of existing landfills in this qadaa, it’s temporary or non-conforming to the environmental condition. In order to determine landfill site that is good for the inhabitants and the environment several criteria (e.g. as Urban centers, Land use, Airports, Pipes, Power lines, Railways, Roads, Slope, Streams, Surface water, Industrial areas, Oil pipes, Liquid gas pipes, Soil types) were used to select the proper site. The MCDA was used to measure the relative importance weighting for each criterion used. Each map layer was formed with the aid of GIS and final suitability map was created by overlay analyses of each criterion map. According to obtained results, high and low suitable areas were determined in the study area. Field checks were also performed to determine the accuracy and suitability of candidate site.
KeywordsLandfillAl-MseiabMulticriteria Decision AnalysisGeographic Information System
Pearce, D. and Walker, C. (1996) Sustainable Development. In: Baily, R., Ed., Water and Environmental Management in Devloping Countries, Amazon Company, UK, 162-178.
Jackson, B. (1996) Water and Environmental Management in Developing Countries. Baily, R., Ed., International Institutions.
Al-Ansari, N.A. (2013) Locating Landfills in Arid Environment. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 3, 11-24.
Al-Ansari, N.A., Al-Hanbali, A. and Knutsson, S. (2012) Locating Solid Waste Landfills in Mafraq City. Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, 2, 40-51.
Al-Ansari, N.A., Knutsson, S. and Almuqdadi, K. (2014) Engineering Solution for Radioactive Waste in IRAQ. Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, 4, 18-36.
Al-Ansari, N.A., Knutsson, S. and Pusch, R. (2014) Environmental Implications of Depleted Uranium in IRAQ and Principles of Isolating It. Waste Management 2014 Conference, Ancona, 12-14 May 2014, 367-376.
Al-Ansari, N.A., Pusch, R. and Knutsson, S. (2013) Suggested Landfill Sites for Hazardous Waste in Iraq. Natural Science, 5, 463-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2013.54060
Al-Ansari, N.A., Pusch, R., Knutsson, S. and Almuqdadi, K. (2013) Isolation of Adioactive Military Wastes in Iraq. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 3, 1-10.
Al-Taie, L., Al-Ansari, N.A., Knutsson, S. and Pusch, R. (2013) Hazardous Wastes Problems in Iraq: Suggestions for an Environmental Solution. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 3, 81-91.
BCRC (2005) Preparation of a Set of Tools for the Selection, Design and Operation of Hazardous Waste Landfills in Hyper—Dry Areas, Regional Center for Training and technology Transfer for the Arab States, 55.
Ministry of the Environment (2004) Landfill Waste Acceptance Criteria and Landfill Classification. Ministry of the Environment, 33, New Zealand.
McDougall, F.R., White, P.R., Franke, M. and Hindle, P. (2003) Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Life Cycle Inventory. 2nd Edition, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 532.
Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H. and Vigil, S.A. (1993) Integrated Solid Waste Management. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
Halvadakis, C.P. (1993) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Siting in Greece—The Case of the Greater Hania Region, Greece. Ekistics, 358-359, 45-52.
Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1994) Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists. Pergamon (Elsevier Science Ltd.), Oxford.
Ehler, G., Cowen, D. and Mackey, H. (1995) Design and Implementation of a Spatial Decision Support System for Site Selection. Proceedings of ESRI International User Conference, Palm Springs, 22-26 May 1995, 100.
Balis, M., Mandylas, C., Kontos, T., Akriotis, D. and Halvadakis, C.P. (1998) Investigation of Suitable Areas for the Construction of Sanitary Landfill in Lemnos. Technical Report, Part I, University of the Aegean, Department of Environmental Studies, Waste Management Laboratory/Region of the North Aegean, Mytilene. (in Greek)
Dörhöfer, G. and Siebert, H. (1998) The Search for Landfill Sites—Requirements and Implementation in Lower Saxony, Germany. Environmental Geology, 35, 55-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050292
Yagoub, M. and Buyong, T. (1998) GIS Applications for Dumping Site Selection. Proceedings of the ESRI International User Conference, San Diego, 27-31 July 1998, 107.
Herzog, M. (1999) Suitability Analysis Decision Supports System for Landfill Siting (and Other Purposes). Proceedings of the ESRI International User Conference, San Diego, 27-31 July 1998, 38-45.
Lukasheh, A.F., Droste, R.L. and Warith, M.A. (2001) Review of Expert System (ES), Geographical Information System (GIS), Decision Support System (DSS) and Their Application in Landfill Design and Management. Waste Management and Research, 15, 4.
Kontos, T.D., Komillis, D.P. and Halvadakis, C.P. (2003) Siting MSW Landfills in Lesvos Island with a GIS-Based Methodology. Waste Management and Research, 21, 262-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X0302100310
Simsek, C., Kincal, C. and Gündüz, O. (2005) A Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection Procedure Based on Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping. Environmental Geology, 49, 620-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0111-2
Sener, B., Süzen, M.L. and Doyuran, V. (2006) Landfill Site Selection by Using Geographic Information Systems. Environmental Geology, 49, 376-388.
Banar, M., Köse, B.M., Özkan, A. and Acar, I.P. (2006) Choosing a Municipal Landfill Site by Analytic Network Process. Environmental Geology, 52, 747-751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0512-x
Gemitzi, A., Petalas, C., Tsihrintzis, V.A. and Pisinaras, V. (2006) Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution: A Combination of GIS, Fuzzy Logic and Decision Making Techniques. Environmental Geology, 49, 653-673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0104-1
Mutlutürk, M. and Karagüzel, R. (2007) The Landfill Area Quality (LAQ) Classification Approach and Its Application in Isparta, Turkey. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 13, 229-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.3.229
Nas, B., Cay, T., Iscan, F. and Berktay, A. (2008) Selection of MSW Landfill Site for Konya, Turkey Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Evaluation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160, 491-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0713-8
Malczewski, J. (1997) Propagation of Errors in Multicriteria Location Analysis: A Case Study. In: Fandel, G. and Gal, T., Eds., Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Springer, Berlin, 154-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59132-7_17
Saaty, T.L. (1980) The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Mcgraw-Hill, New York.
Siddiqui, M.Z., Everett, J.W. and Vieux, B.E. (1996) Landfill Siting Using Geographic Information Systems: A Demonstration. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 122, 515-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1996)122:6(515)
Allen, A.R. (2002) Attenuation: A Cost Effective Landfill Strategy for Developing Countries. Proceedings of 9th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, Durban, 16-20 September 2002, 136-147.
Cantwell, R. (1999) Putting Data to Work—GIS and Site Selection Studies for Waste Management Facilities. Conference Proceedings, Eurogise 1999, Galway, 26 March 1999, 152-163.
World Bank (2004) Sanitary Landfill Siting and Design Guidance, Guidance Published in May 1996 by the World Bank as an Urban Infrastructure Note. Updated in November.
Leao, S., Bishop, I. and Evans, D. (2003) Spatial-Temporal Model for Demand and Allocation of Waste Landfills in Growing Urban Regions. Computers, Environment and Urban System, 28, 353-385.
Allen, A., Brito, G., Caetano, P., Costa, C., Cummins, V., Donelly, J., Fernades, C., Koukoulas, S., O’Donell, V., Robalo, C. and Vendas, D. (2002) Procedure for the Location of Landfill Sites Using a GIS Model. 9th Congress of the International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Durban, 16-20 September 2002, 100.
Lin, H. and Kao, J.J. (1999) Enhanced Spatial Model for Landfill Siting Analysis. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 125, 845-851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:9(845)
Allen, A., Brito, G., Caetano, P., Costa, C., Cummins, V., Donnelly, J., Fernandes, C., Koukoulas, S., O’Donnell, V., Robalo, C. and Vendas, D. (2001) Final Project Report, The Development of a GIS Model for the Location of Landfill Sites in Ireland and Portugal.
Chalkias, C.N. and Stournaras, G. (1997) GIS Application for the Selection of Sanitary Waste Disposal Landfills and Quarry Sites in Major Sparti Area, Greece. In: Marinos, P.G., Koukis, G.C., Tsiambaos, G.C. and Stournaras, G.C., Eds., Engineering Geology and the Environment, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 267-278.
Bagchi, A. (1994) Design, Construction and Monitoring of Landfills. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York.
Alnakeeb, A.N. (2007) Baghdad Solid Waste Study and Landfill Site Selection Using GIS Technique. Ph.D. Thesis, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq, Baghdad.
Alsharify, S.K.A. (2009) Effect of Two Types of Plows with Different Depths and Quicken in the Performance of the Almiknyh Unit and Some Physical Characteristics of the Soil. Journal of Babylon university, Pure and Applied Science, 1, 17.
Oweis, I. and Khera, R. (1998) Geotechnology of Waste Management. 2nd Edition, PWS Publishing, Boston.
Hengl, T., Gruber, S. and Shrestha, D.P. (2003) Digital Terrain Analysis in ILWIS. International Institute for Geo-Information and Earth Observation, Enshede, The Netherland. http://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2003/misca/hengl_digital.pdf