Engineering and Tectonic Study of Rocks Discontinuities in the Proposed Abo-Hederya Quarry Site, Missan SE Iraq
- 1 Applied Geology Department, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- 2 Department of Geology-Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
- 3 Applied Geology Department, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- 4 Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
Abstract
A detailed field survey of discontinuity (fractures) was carried out in the proposed Abo-Hederya Quarry Site, 70 km east Missan city, south-east of Iraq, where Al-Mukdadiya Formation (Upper Miocene-Pliocene) is exposed. The discontinuity survey was carried out in 10 stations covering the study area. At each station notes were collected about beds (lithology, thickness and orientation) and discontinuities (orientation, density, spacing, persistence and aperture). The slope stability analysis suggests that there is no real hazard area that could affect the quarry in future. Tectonic analysis demonstrates that tension fractures are common in the study area, while shear fractures (okl, hko, hol and hkl) are the less. The maximum principal stress direction in the study area is N (15 - 40) E, which is compatible with the regional tectonic stress in the area.
- Wyllie, C. and Mah, W. (2004) Rock Slope Engineering Civil and Mining. In: Hoek, E. and Bray, J.W., Eds., Rock slope Engineering, Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York, 431 p.
- Jassim, S.Z., Karim, S.A., Basi, M., Al-Mubarak, M.A. and Munir, J. (1984) Final Report on the Regional Geological Survey of Iraq. Vol. 3, Stratigraphy, Report Geological Survey of Iraq.
- Jassim, S.Z. and Goff, J.C. (2006) Geology of Iraq. Czechrepublic, Brno, 341 p.
- Bellen, R.C., Dunington, H.V., Wetzal, R. and Morton, D.M. (1959) Lexique Stratigraphy International, Asie, Fascicle.10a, Iraq. Center National de la Recherghes Scientifique, Paris, 333 p.
- Buday, T. (1980) The Regional Geology of Iraq, Vol 1: Stratigraphy and Paleogeography. Publications of Geological Survey of Iraq, Baghdad, 445 p.
- Omar, A.A. (2005) An Integrated Structural and Tectonic Study of the Bina Bawi-Safin-Bradost Region in Iraqi Kurdistan. PhD Thesis, Salahaddin University, Erbil, 314 p. (Unpublished)
- Al-Kadhimi, J.M.A., Sissakian, V.K., Sattar, A.F. and Deikran, D.B. (1996) Tectonic Map of Iraq. 2nd Edition, Geo Survey, Baghdad, Iraq.
- GEOSURV (1993) Geological map of Ali Al Gharby. Publications of Geological Survey, Iraq.
- ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics) (1978) Suggested Methods for the Quantitative Description of Discontinuities in Rock Masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 15, 319-368.
- Sens, Z. and Kazi, A. (1984) Discontinuities Spacing and RQD Estimates from Finite Length Scanline. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 3, 203-212.
- Sasowsky, I.D. (2001) Structural Effects on Carbonate Aquifers. Karsts Water Institute, Special Publication No. 5, Charles Towy, 38-42.
- Henning, P.H., Olson, J.E. and Thompson, L.B. (2001) Combining Outcrop Data and Three Dimensional Structure Models to Characterize Fractured Reservoirs (and Example from Wyoming). American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG Bulletin, 84, 830-849.
- Cruden, D.M. and Hu, X.Q. (1994) Toppling on Underdip Slope in the Higwood Pass Alberta, Canda. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27, 57-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEGH.1994.027.P1.08
- Ramamaurthy, T. (2008) Engineering in Rocks for Slopes. Foundation and Tunnels, New Delhi, 357 p.