The Political Economy of Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh

Abstract

Energy is essential for human survival. Its provision extends beyond access to social services; it is fundamentally a source of existence. Therefore, every government must ensure energy access at affordable rates. In this context, in 1960, the government of Bangladesh planned the construction of a nuclear power plant in Rooppur. Once operational, the plant will have a significant impact on the state, economy, and society. This study aims to explore the Political Economy of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) by addressing key questions: How was it conceived and developed? What motivated the choice of nuclear power despite the well-known safety concerns of nuclear technology? What indicators influenced the vendor selection? Who are the state and non-state actors involved, and what are their interests? Due to the project’s nature, the study adopts an alternative perspective based on the 3Cs theory of political economy: Collaboration, Conflict, and Cooperation. For developing countries, energy from fossil fuels is the most affordable option; therefore, it is commendable that the Bangladesh government has jettisoned coal-fired power and opted instead for the more sophisticated nuclear power option. The Rooppur NPP project, conceived in 1960, is now nearing completion, thanks to the effort and determination of the government of Bangladesh.