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Recent Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Technology: Materials, Efficiency, and Applications
Saudi Electricity Company, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Renewable Energy Researcher, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Renewable Energy Researcher, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Renewable Energy Researcher, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Imam Abdualrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- 1 Saudi Electricity Company, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- 2 Renewable Energy Researcher, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- 3 Renewable Energy Researcher, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- 4 Renewable Energy Researcher, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- 5 Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Imam Abdualrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Energy and Power Engineering·Volume 18 (2026)·Pages 73–87·Published 4 February 2026·DOI10.4236/epe.2026.182004
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Abstract
This paper surveys recent progress in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, concentrating on fresh materials, higher efficiencies, and new use cases. Rising energy demand and accelerating climate impacts make affordable, clean solar power ever more vital. We compare well-established silicon panels with emergent options like perovskite and thin-film cells, weighing each systems efficiency, drawbacks, and life-cycle footprint. The review also considers advanced designs-multi-junction devices, bifacial modules, and building-integrated PV (BIPV) that push performance beyond heritage architectures. Together, these innovations are finding homes in residences, offices, farms, and even vehicles. Yet hurdles persist: grid fit, uneven policy support, and end-of-life waste remain pressing issues. Drawing on recent studies and comparative statistics, we propose actionable pathways for wider adoption and stronger governance around the world.
KeywordsSolar PhotovoltaicEfficiency EnhancementPerovskite Solar CellsThin-Film PVRenewable EnergyBuilding-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)SustainabilityEnergy Transition
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