Optimum Distribution of Two Different Phase Change Materials between Various Components of Roof Air-Conditioned Room, Suitable to Reduce Annual Energy Consumption — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Optimum Distribution of Two Different Phase Change Materials between Various Components of Roof Air-Conditioned Room, Suitable to Reduce Annual Energy Consumption
Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
,
Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
,
Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
,
Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
1 Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
2 Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
3 Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
4 Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
Obviously, the outside annual climate change caused either by a major solar input during the hottest period or by a temperature drop during the coldest period leads to discomfort in inside buildings. This effect can be reduced by storing heat transmitted in phase change materials (PCM) as latent heat, in order to ensure a good situation of thermal comfort during all months of the year. In this work, thermal behavior of two roofing systems is studied. One roof is constituted only by usual materials in building. In the other , two phase change materials (PCM) are introduced according to three configurations. Study is interested to assess incorporation effect of two PCMs within the roof and to evaluate the optimum locations to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioned room. Mono-dimensional numerical model validated analytically and experimentally, is used to carry out a parametric analyzes to determine characteristics of the layers in which the roofs are formed regardless of external climate effect. Numerical calculations are performed for three configurations of roof. Results show that insertion of phase change materials in roof provides best energy consumption saving regardless annual climate change. Generally, the three configurations lead to different results, depending on the combination of PCMs. This difference becomes less important when selection of PCMs take account the thermal comfort level and temperatures of hottest and coldest periods.
KeywordsPhase Change Material (PCM)Thermal ComfortMultilayer RoofEnergy Consumption
G. Barrios, G. Huelsz and J. Rojas, “Thermal Performance of Envelope Wall/Roofs of Intermittent Air-Conditioned Rooms,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 40, 2012, pp. 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.051
A. D. Granja and L. C. Labakiny, “Influence of External Surface Color on the Periodic Heat flow through a Flat Solid Roof with Variable Thermal Resistance,” International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 27, No. 8, 2003, pp. 771-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.915
M. Amir, M. Lacroix and N. Galanis, “Comportement Thermique de Dalles Chauffantes Electriques pour le Stockage Quotidien,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 2, 1999, pp. 121-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1290-0729(99)80049-0
B. Abouelkhayrat, J. Lahjomri and A. Oubarra, “Study of Latent Accumulator Storage by Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) and External Heat Source (EHS),” Physical and Chemical News, Vol. 66, 2012, pp. 56-68.
E. M. Alawadhi, “Temperature Regulator Unit for Fluid Flow in a Channel Using Phase Change Material,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 2-3, 2005, pp. 435-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.05.018
J. Kosny, K. Biswas, W. Miller and S. Kriner, “Field Thermal Performance of Naturally Ventilated Solar Roof with PCM Heat Sink,” Solar Energy, Vol. 86, No. 9, 2012, pp. 2504-2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.05.020
A. Pasupathy, L. Athanasius, R. Velraj and R. V. Seeniraj, “Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation Analysis on the Thermal Performance of a Building Roof Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) for Thermal Management,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 5-6, 2008, pp. 556-565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.04.016
P. Brousseau and M. Lacroix, “Study of the Thermal Performance of a Multi-Layer PCM Storage Unit,” Energy Conversion Management, Vol. 37, No. 5, 1996, pp. 599-609.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00207-3
F. Agyenim, N. Hewitt, P. Eames and M. Smyth, “A Review of Materials, Heat Transfer and Phase Change Problem Formulation for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems (LHTESS),” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2010, pp. 615-628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.015
P. Tatsidjodoung, N. L. Pierres and L. Luo, “A Review of Potential Materials for Thermal Energy Storage in Building Applications,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 18, 2013, pp. 327-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.025
A. P. Simard and M. Lacroix, “Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Latent Heat Cold Storage Unit Operating under Frosting Conditions,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 44, No. 10, 2003, pp. 1605-1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00183-8
K. Ouyang and F. Haghighat, “A Procedure for Calculating Thermal Response Factors of Multi-Layered WallsState Space Method,” Building and Environment, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1991, pp. 173-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(91)90024-6
A. K. Athienitis, “Thermal Analysis of Buildings in a Mathematical Programming Environment and Applications,” Building and Environment, Vol. 34, No.4, 1999, pp. 401-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00031-6
R. Yumrutas, M. Nsal and M. Kanoglu, “Periodic Solution of Transient Heat Flow through Multilayer Walls and Flat Roofs by Complex Finite Fourier Transform Technique,” Building and Environment, Vol. 40, No. 8, 2005, pp. 1117-1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.09.005
A. Pasupathy and R. Velraj, “Effect of Double Layer Phase Change Material in Building Roof for Year Round Thermal Management,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 40, No. 3, 2008, pp. 193-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.02.016
F. Kuznik and J. Virgone, “Experimental Investigation of Wallboard Containing Phase Change Material: Data for Validation of Numerical Modeling,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2009, pp. 561-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.11.022
V. Alexiades and A. D. Solomon, “Mathematical Modeling of Melting and Freezing Processes,” Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington DC, 1993, p. 305.
G. Zhou, Y. Yang and H. Xu, “Performance of ShapeStabilized Phase Change Material Wallboard with Periodical outside Heat Flux Waves,” Applied Energy, Vol. 88, No. 6, 2011, pp. 2113-2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.01.016
Z. A. Hammou and M. Lacroix, “Anew PCM Storage System for Managing Simultaneously Solar and Electric Energy,” Energy and Building, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2006, pp. 258-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.06.008
R. Velraj, K. Anbudurai, N. Nallusamy and M. Cheralathan, “PCM Based Thermal Storage System for Building Air Conditioning at Tidel Park, Chennai,” Proceeding of WREC Cologne, Germany, 2002.
C. Stetiu and H. E. Feustel, “Phase Change Wallboard and Mechanical Night Ventilation in Commercial Buildings,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1998.
G. Barrios and G. Huelsz, R. Rechtman and J. Rojas, “Wall/Roof Thermal Performance Differences between Air-Conditioned and Non Air-Conditioned Rooms,” Energy and Building, Vol. 43, No.1, 2011, pp. 219-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.015
N. A. Yahaya and H. Ahmed, “Numerical Investigation of Indoor Air Temperature with the Application of PCM Gypsum Board as Ceiling Panels in Buildings,” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 20, 2011, pp. 238-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.161
D. Pal and Y. K. Joshi, “Thermal Management of an Avionics Module Using Solid-Liquid Phase-Change Materials,” Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1998, pp. 256-262.
“ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals Chapter 26,” American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), New York, 1997.
S. Barbaro, G. cannistraro, C. Giaconia and A. Orioli, “The Ashrae Clean Sky Model, an Evaluation in the Mediterranean Zone,” Solar and Wind Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1988, pp. 111-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983X(88)90097-5