The objectives of this study were to enhance the production of biogas through using a mixture of cow and chicken manure and to investigate the effect of digested manure on plant growth. Biogas digester consisted of a plastic polyethylene tank with a volume of 0.25 cubic meters. Cow and chicken manures were collected from certified animal and chicken farms. Mixture of manure was prepared by mixing 5 kg of chicken manure and 5 kg of cow manure together in 100 L plastic tank containing 90 L water free from chlorine. Percentage of manure in all cases was 10% (w/v). The manures were transferred to the digesters and kept in greenhouse to insure warm conditions (30 ° C - 39 ° C). Produced biogas was measured each two days and digestate samples were taken every two days for pH, EC, BOD, COD determination. Results showed increased biogas production and reached the highest quantity after 28 days and the amount of biogas produced from the mixture of cow and chicken manures was higher than the amount produced from each manure individually. Decreases in pH values were observed during biogas production followed by BOD, COD reduction. On the other hand, increases on EC values were observed. Application of digested manure in agriculture increased yield of lettuce by 75% comparing with the control sample. The study recommended using cow manure mixed with chicken manure to increase the production of biogas and to use the digested manure in agricultural.
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El-Nahhal, I., Al-Najar, H. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2014) Physicochemical Properties of Sewage Sludge from Gaza. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.56053
El-Nahhal, I., Al-Najar, H. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2014) Cations and Anions in Sewage Sludge from Gaza Waste Water Treatment Plant. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 5, 655-665. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2014.510073
El-Nahhal, Y., Safi, M., Tubail, K. and Safi, J. (2013) Effect of Treated Waste Water Irrigation on Plant Growth and Soil Properties in Gaza Strip Palestine. American Journal of Plant Science, 4, 1736-1743. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.49213
Ministry of Agriculture 2015.
El-Nahhal, Y., Nir, S., Polubesova, T., Margulies, L. and Rubin, B. (1999) Movement of Metolachlor in Soil: Effect of Organo-Clay Formulation. Pesticide Science, 55, 857-864. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199908)55:8 3.0.CO;2-P
El-Nahhal, Y., Nir, S., Polubesova, T., Margulies, L. and Rubin, B. (1998) Leaching, Phytotoxicity and Weed Control of New Formulations of Alachlor. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 46, 3305-3313. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf971062k
El-Nahhal, Y. (2003) Persistence, Mobility, Efficacy and Safety of Chloroacetanilide Herbicide Formulation under Field Conditions. Environmental Pollution, 124, 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00431-1
El-Nahhal, Y. (2003) Adsorption Mechanism of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides to Modified Montmorillonite. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B, 38, 591-604. https://doi.org/10.1081/PFC-120023517
El-Nahhal, Y. and Hamdona, N. (2015) Phytotoxicity of Alachlor, Bromacil and Diuron as Single or Mixed Herbicides Applied to Wheat, Melon, and Molokhia. SpringerPlus, 4, 364. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1148-7
El-Nahhal, Y. and Hamdona, N. (2017) Adsorption, Leaching and Phytotoxicity of Some Herbicides as Single and Mixtures to Some Crops. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 22, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaubas.2016.01.001
El-Nahhal, Y., EL-dahdouh, N., Hamdona, N. and Alshanti, A. (2016) Toxicological Data of Some Antibiotics and Pesticides to Fish, Mosquitoes, Cyanobacterial Mats and to Plants. Data in Brief, 6, 871-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.051
Heinze, S., Chen, Y., El-Nahhal, Y., Hadar, Y., Jung, R., Safi, J., Safi, M., Tarchitzky, J. and Marschner, B. (2014) Small Scale Stratification of Microbial Activity Parameters in Mediterranean Soils under Freshwater and Treated Wastewater Irrigation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 70, 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.023
El-Nahhal, Y. (2017) A New Field Protocol for Determination of Forest Structure, Biodiversity and Heath Status by Means of GPS Tools: A Case Study from Gaza Forest. Open Journal of Ecology, 7, 69-83. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2017.71006
Alloh, M.O., AL-Kurdi, S., Alagha, M.R. and Yasser, E.-N. (2018) Nemacur Residue Analysis in Soil Water and Cucumber Samples Collected from the Field in Gaza Strip, Palestine. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 9, 517-530. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.93039
Al-Kurdi, S., Al-Louh, M.O., Al-Agha, M.R. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2018) Development of Analytical Method for the Detection of Nemacur Residues in Cucumber Fruits. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 9, 64-76. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2018.91006
Maghanaki, M.M., Ghobadian, B., Najafi, G. and Galogah, R.J. (2013) Potential of Biogas Production in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 702-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.021
Zhang, W., Lang, Q., Pan, Z., Jiang, Y., Liebetrau, J., Nelles, M., Dong, H. and Dong, R. (2017) Performance Evaluation of a Novel Anaerobic Digestion Operation Process for Treating High-Solids Content Chicken Manure: Effect of Reduction of the Hydraulic Retention Time at a Constant Organic Loading Rate.
Böjti, T., Kovács, K.L., Kakuk, B., Wirth, R., Rákhely, G. and Bagi, Z. (2017) Pretreatment of Poultry Manure for Efficient Biogas Production as Monosubstrate or Co-Fermentation with Maize Silage and Corn Stover. Anaerobe, 46, 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.017
Gomaa, A.M. and Abed, M.M.R. (2017) Potential of Fecal Waste for the Production of Biomethane, Bioethanol and Biodiesel. Journal of Biotechnology, 253, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.013
Safi, J., Awad, Y. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2014) Bioremediation of Diuron in Soil and by Cyanobacterial Mat. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 1081-1089. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.58120
El-Nahhal, Y., Awad, Y. and Safi, J. (2013) Bioremediation of Acetochlor in Soil and Water Systems by Cyanobacterial Mat. International Journal of Geosciences, 4, 880-890. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.45082
Abed, M.A., Safi, M.N., Köster, J., Beer, D., El-Nahhal, Y., Rullkötter, J. and Garcia-Pichel, F. (2002) Microbial Diversity of a Heavily Polluted Microbial Mat and Its Community Changes Following Degradation of Petroleum Compounds. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 68, 1674-1683. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1674-1683.2002
EL-Nahhal, Y., Kerkez, M.F.S. and Abu Heen, Z. (2015) Toxicity of Diuron, Diquat and Terbutryn Cyanobacterial Mats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, 10, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2015.01.11
El-Nahhal, Y. and Hamms, Sh. (2017) Effects of Bromacil, Malathion and Thiabendazole on Cyanobacteria Mat Growth. International Journal of Applied Science—Research and Review, 4, 1-9.
El-Nahhal, Y., El-Dahdouh, O. and Al-Najar, H. (2017) Influence of Sand Filter in Wastewater Treatment (a Case Study in Gaza City, Gaza Strip Wastewater Treatment Plant). Desalination and Water Treatment, 89, 118-126. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21398
El-Nahhal, Y., Abadsa, M. and Affifi, S. (2014) Leaching Potential of Diuron and Linuron in Gaza Soils. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 4040-4049.
El-Nahhal, Y., Lagaly, G. and Rabinovitz, O. (2005) Organo-Clay Formulations of Acetochlor: Effect of High Salt. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 1620-1624. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040383a
El-Nahhal, Y. (2004) Contamination and Safety Status of Plant Food in Arab Countries. Journal of Applied Science, 4, 411-417. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2004.411.417
El-Nahhal, Y. (2004) Leaching Behavior of Metolachlor in Soil. Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science, 3, 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1139/s03-075
El-Nahhal, Y. and Safi, J. (2005) Adsorption of Benzene and Naphthalene to Modified Montmorillonite. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 3, 295-298
Kaschl, A., El-Nahhal, Y., Abu Mourad, T., Tubail, Kh., Safi, J., Hadar, Y., Chen, Y. and Roemheld, V. (1998) Long-Term Field Experiment to Examine the Agricultural Application of Municipal Solid Waste Compost in the Gaza Strip. KongreBband VDLUFA-Schriftenreihe Germany, 49, 251-254.