3D Vector Reconstruction of the Typical Cervical Vertebra from Anatomical Sections of Korean Visible Human at the Laboratory of Clinical and Digital Anatomy of Paris Descartes University
- 1 Anatomy Laboratory, University of Paris 5, Paris, France
- 2 Anatomy Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- 3 Department of Neurology, Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Dongguk, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Aim: To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the typical cervical vertebra from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. Material and Methods: The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164 cm tall and weighed 55 kg. This man donated his body to science. Her body was frozen and cut into several anatomical sections after an MRI and CT scan. These anatomical sections were made using a special saw called a 0.2 mm thick cryomacrotome. Thus 8100 cuts were obtained. Only the sections numbered 940 to 1200 were used for our study. A segmentation by manual contouring of the different parts of the typical cervical vertebra was made using the software Winsurf version 3.5 on a laptop PC running Windows 7 equipped with a Ram of 8 gigas. Results: Our 3D vector model of the typical cervical vertebra is easily manipulated using the Acrobat 3DPDF interface. Each part of the vertebra accessible in a menu can be displayed, hidden or made transparent, and 3D labels are available as well as educational menus for learning anatomy. Conclusion: This original work constitutes a remarkable educational tool for the anatomical study of the typical cervical vertebra and can also be used as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures.
- Ackerman, M.J. (1991) The Visible Human Project. A Resource for Education. Academic Medicine, 74, 667-670. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199906000-00012
- Cho, Z.H. (2009) 7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas, in Vivo Atlas with Cryomacrotome Correlation. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-154-7
- Cho, Z.H., Calamate, F. and Chi, J.G. (2012) 7.0 Tesla MRI Brain White Matter Atlas. Panmun, Seoul., 95, 2670-2673.
- Chung, B.S., Shin, D.S., Brown, P., Choi, J. and Chung, M.S. (2015) Virtual Dissection Table Including the Visible Korean Images, Complemented by Free Software of the Same Data. International Journal of Morphology, 33, 440-445. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022015000200006
- Dai, J.X., Chung, M.S., Qu, R.M., Yuan, L., Liu, S.W. and Shin, D.S. (2012) The Visible Human Projects in Korea and China with Improved Images and Diverses Applications. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 34, 527-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-0945-8
- Kim, C.H., Choi, S.H., Jeong, J.H., Lee, C. and Chung, M.S. (2008) HDRK-Man. A Whole-Body Voxel Model Based on High-Resolution Color Slice Images of a Korean Adult Male Cadaver. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 53, 4093-4106. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/15/006
- Park, H.S., Chung, M.S., Shin, D.S., Jung, Y.W. and Park, J.S. (2013) Accessible and Informative Sectioned Images, Color-Coded Images, and Surface Models of the Ear. Anatomical Record, 296, 1180-1186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22719
- Park, J.S., Chung, M.S., Hwang, S.B., Lee, Y.S., Har, D.H. and Park, H.S. (2005) Visible Korean Human: Improved Serially Sectioned Images of the Entire Body. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 24, 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2004.842454
- Park, J.S., Chung, M.S., Hwang, S.B., Lee, Y.S., Har, D.H. and Park, H.S. (2005) Technical Report on Semiautomatic Segmentation by Using the Adobe Photoshop. Journal of Digital Imaging, 18, 333-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-005-6704-1
- Park, J.S., Chung, M.S., Hwang, S.B., Shin, B.S. and Park, H.S. (2006) Visible Korean Human: Its Techniques and Applications. Clinical Anatomy, 19, 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.20275
- Park, J.S., Chung, M.S., Shin, D.S., Har, D.H., Cho, Z.H., Kim, Y.B., Han, J.Y. and Chi, J.G. (2009) Sectioned Images of the Cadaver Head Including the Brain and Correspondences with Ultrahigh Field 7.0 T MRIs. Proceedings of the IEEE, 97, 1988-1996. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2025524