Trace Metal Elements (Pb, Cd and As), 15N Nitrogen and Phosphorus Isotopes Accumulation in Three Varieties of Tomato from Conventional and Agro-Ecological Farming Systems in Burkina Faso
- 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- 2 Department of Natural Substances/(DSN), Institute for Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT), National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- 3 Ministry of Water and Sanitation/National Office of Water and Sanitation/Heavy Metals Laboratory, Ouagadogou, Burkina Faso
- 4 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- 5 Department of Food Technology/(DTA), Institute for Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT), National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- 6 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Abstract
Tomato is a market gardening product that plays an important nutritional and economic role in Burkina Faso. However, the bad use of pesticides for its production could have negative impacts consumers’ health. The objective of the present study was to assess the concentration of trace metal elements (Pb, Cd and As), 15N isotopes ( NO<sub>2</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">-</sup> , NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">-</sup> , NH<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">+</sup> ) and phosphorus ( PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">2-</sup> ) in tomatoes according to cultivation practices. Thus, three tomato varieties (Mon gal F1, F1 Cobra 26 and Roma F1) were grown using organic and conventional production methods on 2 sites at Nongr Massom, (commune of Kadiogo province). The trace metal el ements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the isotopes 15N ( NO<sub>2</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">-</sup> , NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">-</sup> , NH<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">+</sup> ) and phosphorus ( PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-7px;">3-</sup> ) using standardized methods. Tomatoes from conventional agriculture had higher levels of trace metal elements (0.163 - 0.298 mg/Kg, 0.082 - 0.146 mg/Kg and 0.018 - 0.032 mg/Kg respectively for Pb, Cd and As) than those from organic agriculture samples. Concentration of trace metal is lower for organic production with a reduction of 19.02%, 19.69% and 20.77% for Pb, Cd and As respectively compared to conventional production. High levels were recorded for the Roma F1 variety. The concentrations of trace metal elements in organic production are lower than the codex standards (2010) while those in conventional production are higher. These results could be due to the use of chemical inputs that could have a negative impact on the nutritional quality of these tomatoes. The concentration of trace metal elements in tomato fruits is strongly correlated by production method and less by the variety (genetic).
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