Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Seed Kernels from Five Clones of Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) Commonly Grown in Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

In addition to producing latex, rubber trees produce large quantities of seeds each year that were not being exploited in Ivory Coast. This study, conducted by the rubber tree research station of the National Agricultural Research Centre (CNRA), focuses on the physical and chemical characterisation of the seeds of five rubber tree clones commonly found in Ivory Coast. These are GT1, PB 217, IRCA 41, IRCA 230 and IRCA 331. The results revealed that the seeds have polar diameters ranging from 2.19 to 2.40 cm, equatorial diameters ranging from 2.08 to 2.27 cm, and unit masses ranging from 3.10 to 4.40 g. Depending on the clone, the kernel accounts for 56% to 60% of the weight of the whole seed. The IRCA 230 clone stands out for its maximum dimensions and high mass of 4.40 g. The kernel is rich in lipids, with contents ranging from 43.20% (GT1) to 46.99% (IRCA 230). The protein content varies from 23.17% (IRCA 230) to 25.08% (GT1). The carbohydrate and fibre content and energy value varied from 17.11% (IRCA 230) to 20.72% (IRCA 41), from 6.27% (IRCA 331) to 8.64% (PB 217) and from 567.9 kcal/100g DM (PB 217) to 592.5 kcal/100g DM (IRCA 331). Thus, according to the biochemical profile, the kernel of the IRCA 230 clone, thanks to its high oil content, can serve as a matrix for the production of vegetable oil. The kernels of the GT1 and PB 217 clones can be used to manufacture protein supplements. Energy products can be formulated from the kernel of the IRCA 331 clone. The PB 217/IRCA 41 clones are recommended for carbohydrate and fibre applications. These results thus offer prospects for economic diversification in the Ivorian rubber industry.