Effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Quality Characteristics of Wheat Bread
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
- 2 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
- 3 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Mkar, Gboko, Nigeria.
Abstract
The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100 % , 99 % , 98 % , 97 % , 96 % and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0 % , 1 % , 2 % , 3 % , 4 % and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30 ℃ ± 1 ℃ ) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p < 0.05) increased the fibre (2.10 % to 3.28%), ash (1.10 % to 1.65%), protein (9.07 % to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51 % to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20 % to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the loaf volume, weight loss, loaf height and specific loaf volume from 796.70 to 496.70 cm 3 , 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm 3 /g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca) and Beta-carotene contents from 0.76 to 1.27 mg/100g, 3.67 to 6.07 mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p < 0.05) improvement in nutritional composition, the acceptability of all bread samples decreased with increasing level of Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.
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