Impact of Bacterial and Somatic Cells Content on Quality Fresh Milk in Small-Scale Dairy Farms in Kosovo
- 1 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- 2 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- 3 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- 4 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- 5 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- 6 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo;Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), ?s, Norway.
Abstract
The basic goal of this research was to determine the impact of the presence of bacterial (CFU) and somatic cells count content (SCC) in quality of fresh milk in some small cattle farms in Kosovo. The survey was based on existing standards for milk quality in Kosovo placed under administrative guidance MA-no. 20/2006. The study was based on fresh milk analysis of 150 farms performed during the period September-December 2012, which was obtained in 9 different localities (collection points) of the Kosovo. Our study reveals that CFU and SCC in fresh milk were significantly affected by a number of factors, as: sampling period (repetition), locality, breed, and time of sampling (evening or/and morning). According to the results for CFU and SCC, there were big differences between the farms (milk collection points) included in the study (P < 0.0403) and (P < 0.0293). The results show that small size breed like Busha and its crosses tend to be less exposed to SCC/mL in milk (72.840) and (293.592), compared to Black Holstein (613.462), Simmental (521.519) and Brown Swiss (418.44). Milk produced in evening tended to be of better quality (259.854 CFU/mL) compared to the one from morning milking (576.689 CFU/mL). Fresh milk quality analyzed in the third repetition was better for about 33.3% compared with the repletion first. For CFU and SCC, the analyses show that about 74.7% and 64.7% of milk produced belongs to extra quality, while lower quality of milk of category three is 12.0% and 23.3%, respectively. Considering that about 85% of milk produced in Kosovo comes from small-scale dairy farms, the current study sets out that small-scale milk production system cannot be neglected by interest parties in dairy sector and needs permanent following up and improvement.
- H. Bytyqi, G. Klemetsdal, J. Odegard, H. Mehmeti and M. Vegara, “A Comparison of the Productive, Reproductive and Body Condition Score Traits of the Simmental, Brown Swiss and Tyrol Grey Breeds in Smallholder Herds in Kosovo,” FAO Animal Genetic Resources Information, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2005, pp. 9-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1014233900001929
- H. Bytyqi, S. Muji, U. Zaugg, H. Mehmeti and A. Jahja, “Quality Fresh Milk Standards and Bacterial Content to Some Dairy Cattle Farms in Kosovo,” XIV Congress of the International Society of Animal Hygiene (ISAH) Congress, Vechta, Vol. II, 2009, pp. 633-636.
- A. Edvard, “Fundamentals Microbiology,” 5th Edition, State University of New York, New York, 1997, p. 732.
- O. Olav, K. Camilla, E. R. Lars, N. Geir, E. B. Knut and H. Ingrid, “Milk Quality in Dairy Production: Effect of Housing and Management,” 2010. http://www.originalprocess.it/wbc2010/AbstractCD/pdf/S10.pdf
- T. G. Karmen and G. S. Teger, “The Microbiological Quality of Raw Milk after Introducing the Two Day’s Milk Collecting System,” Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, Vol. 92, No. 1, 2008, pp. 61-74.
- I. Riemelt, B. Bartel and M. Malczan, “Milchwirts chaftliche Mikrobiologie,” Behr’s Verlag GmbH & Co, Hamburg, 1996.
- A. Toepel, “Chemie und Physik der Milch,” Behr’s Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, 2004.
- T. Fulya, “Microbiological and Chemical Properties of Row Milk Consumed in Burdur,” Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, Vol. 10, No. 5, 2011, pp. 635-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2011.635. .641
- S. Joanna, W, Agnieszka, M. Maria and C. WLodzimierz, “Changes in Microbiological Quality of Raw Milk from the Region of Warmia and Mazury in 1998 2003,” Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, Vol. 32, No. 54, 2005, pp. 62-65.
- F. J. Frank and A. N. Hasan, “Microorganizms in Milk,” In: H. Roginski, J. W. Fuquay and P. F. Fox, Eds., Enciclopedia of Dairy Science, Academic Press, London, 2002, pp. 1786-1796.
- B. Harold, “Microbiological Applications,” 7th Edition, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, 1999, p. 64.
- L. A. Kelly, “Test Methods and Standards,” Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, Vol. 3, Academic Press, London, 1995 2002.
- H. Bytyqi, U. Zaugg, K. Sherifi and A. Hamidi, “Influence of Management and Physiological Factors on Somatic Cell Count in Raw Cow Milk in Kosova,” Veterinarski Arkiv, Vol. 80, No. 2, 2010, pp. 173-183.