Nutritional and Metabolic Profile in Diabetic Patients and Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Diabetes and metabolic syndrome spread alarmingly throughout the whole world including Algeria, so our study makes the links closer between these two entities and that through studying nutritional, metabolic and physical profiles. Study Design: 204 patients were recruited and interviewed (anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, age, sex, personal and family history, the practice of physical activity and evaluation of food consumption). Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the western Algerian region (Sidi Bel Abbes). Patients with MetS are defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Results: The results show that the frequency of the metabolic syndrome is 86.27% with predominance of women (92.15% women vs 80.39% men). The age group most affected by the MetS among women and men is [54 - 79] years. We also note that 51.28% of men present three criteria of MetS, while 65.21% of women have four and five criteria. The results show that the criteria most dominant in men are hypertension and type 2 diabetes, whereas in women, the high waist is the most abundant criterion. Moreover, the whole is underlined by a low physical activity with only 21.56% who practice it regularly (15.95% women vs 28.04% men). The estimate of food intake shows a qualitative imbalance: protein intake is 19.65% in women vs. 19.43% in men represented mainly by vegetable protein (83.72% for women vs. 72.85% for men); lipids intake is characterized by a lower consumption than the recommendation of the Mediterranean diet concerning the mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (39.44% among women vs 40.24% at the men), as in poly unsaturated fatty-acids including (PUFA) (23.30% among women vs 23.64% at the men) whereas an increase in the consumption of the saturated fatty-acids (SFA) is observed in the whole population including (37.24% among women vs 36.10% at the men); lower concentration in calcium, magnesium and en fibers; important concentration of sodium and an insufficient contribution of water. Conclusion: We should be aware of the importance of the modulation of these risk factors through harmonization of “lifestyle” to prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.