Objective: The present review aimed to determine the effect of palm oil versus other oils on changes in body weight or Body Mass Index (BMI). Design: A systematic review was conducted. Studies were identified by database searching (EMBASE, PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, PROQUEST, Web of Science [ISI Web of Knowledge], Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Library (CINAHL Plus), LILAC and ClinicalTrials.gov. Searching, selecting and reporting were done according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement. Setting: Palm oil vs other oils intervention study on weight or BMI changes. Subjects: Individuals participating in palm oil vs other oil intervention study. Results: A total of 182 studies were screened for eligibility, five studies were finally included. Three studies compared the effect of palm oil vs sunflower oil on weight changes and BMI. One study examined the effect of hybrid palm oil vs extra virgin olive oil on weight changes. The last study examined the effect of palm oil vs olive oil vs lard on weight changes. Out of 292 participants in five studies, only one study (Iggman, 2014) had a low risk of bias. In this study, there was no significant difference between the group that received sunflower oil and palm oil (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.59 to 0.66). Other four studies had unclear risk of bias. Conclusions: Based on the review, there is insufficient evidence to suggest the impact of palm oil intake on weight changes or BMI.
KeywordsPalm OilSystematic Review
Gregg, E.W. and Shaw, J.E. (2017) Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. The New England Journal of Medicine, 377, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe1706095
Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C.-S., Reynolds, K. and He, J. (2008) Global Burden of Obesity in 2005 and Projections to 2030. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 1431-1437. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.102
Ofei, F. (2005) Obesity—A Preventable Disease. Ghana Medical Journal, 39, 98-101.
WHO (2015) Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data. http://wwwwhoint/gho/tb/en
Snodgrass, S.J., Guest, M., Kable, A.K., James, C., Ashby, S.E., Plotnikoff, R.C. and Collins, C.E. (2016) Weight Management Advice for Clients with Overweight or Obesity: Allied Health Professional Survey. Healthcare, 4, pii: E85.
Brown, C.D., Higgins, M., Donato, K.A., et al. (2000) Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. Obesity Research, 8, 605-619. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.79
Murase, T., Mizuno, T., Omachi, T., Onizawa, K., Komine, Y., Kondo, H., Hase, T. and Tokimitsu, I. (2001) Dietary Diacylglycerol Suppresses High Fat and High Sucrose Diet-Induced Body Fat Accumulation in C57BL/6J Mice. The Journal of Lipid Research, 42, 372-378.
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., Bautista, L., Franzosi, M.G., Commerford, P., Lang, C.C., Rumboldt, Z., Onen, C.L. and Lisheng, L. (2005) Obesity and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in 27000 Participants from 52 Countries: A Case-Control Study. The Lancet, 366, 1640-1649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67663-5
Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (2015) Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors and Other Health Problems. Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
Ponnampalam, E.N., Lewandowski, P., Nesaratnam, K., Dunshea, F.R. and Gill, H. (2011) Differential Effects of Natural Palm Oil, Chemically- and Enzymatically-Modified Palm Oil on Weight Gain, Blood Lipid Metabolites and Fat Deposition in a Pediatric Pig Model. Nutrition Journal, 10, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-53
Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Ascherio, A., Colditz, G.A., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, H. and Willett, W.C. (1999) Dietary Saturated Fats and Their Food Sources in Relation to the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 1001-1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.6.1001
Katan, M.B., Zock, P.L. and Mensink, R.P. (1995) Dietary Oils, Serum Lipoproteins, and Coronary Heart Disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61, 1368-1373. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1368S
Koushki, M., Nahidi, M. and Cheraghali, F. (2015) Physico-Chemical Properties, Fatty Acid Profile and Nutrition in Palm Oil. Journal of Paramedical Sciences, 6, 117-134.
Chong, Y. and Ng, T. (1991) Effects of Palm Oil on Cardiovascular Risk. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 46, 41-50.
Mancini, A., Imperlini, E., Nigro, E., Montagnese, C., Daniele, A., Orrù, S. and Buono, P. (2015) Biological and Nutritional Properties of Palm Oil and Palmitic Acid: Effects on Health. Molecules, 20, 17339-17361. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200917339
Ong, A. and Goh, S. (2002) Palm Oil: A Healthful and Cost-Effective Dietary Component. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 23, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650202300102
Higgins, J. and Deeks, J.J. (2008) Selecting Studies and Collecting Data. In: Higgins, J.P.T. and Green, S., Eds., Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series, The Cochrane Collaboration, 151-185. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470712184.ch7
Vandenbroucke, J.P., von Elm, E., Altman, D.G., Gotzsche, P.C., Mulrow, C.D., Pocock, S.J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J.J. and Egger, M. (2007) Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration. Epidemiology, 18, 805-835. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181577511
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G. and Group, P. (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
WHO (2017) Health Topic Obesity. http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/
Schünemann, H.J., Oxman, A.D., Brozek, J., Glasziou, P., Bossuyt, P., Chang, S., Muti, P., Jaeschke, R. and Guyatt, G.H. (2008) GRADE: Assessing the Quality of Evidence for Diagnostic Recommendations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 149, JC6-2. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-02002
The Nordic Cochrane Centre (2013) Review Manager 5.3. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen.
Deeks, J., Higgins, J., Altman, D. and Green, S. (2011) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (Updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration.
Deeks, J.J., Higgins, J. and Altman, D.G. (2008) Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta-Analyses. In: Higgins, J.P.T. and Green, S., Eds., Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series, The Cochrane Collaboration, 243-296. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470712184.ch9
Higgins, J.P.T. and Green, S., Eds., (2011) Chapter 7: Selecting Studies and Collecting Data. Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration. www.cochrane-handbook.org
Schünemann, H.J., Oxman, A.D., Higgins, J.P., Vist, G.E., Glasziou, P. and Guyatt, G.H. (2008) Presenting Results and “Summary of Findings” Tables. In: Higgins, J.P.T. and Green, S., Eds., Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series, The Cochrane Collaboration, Chapter 11.
GRADEpro (2008) Version 3.2 for Windows. Cochrane IMS.
Tholstrup, T., Hjerpsted, J. and Raff, M. (2011) Palm Olein Increases Plasma Cholesterol Moderately Compared with Olive Oil in Healthy Individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94, 1426-1432. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.018846
Kien, C.L., Bunn, J.Y. and Ugrasbul, F. (2005) Increasing Dietary Palmitic Acid Decreases Fat Oxidation and Daily Energy Expenditure. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82, 320-326. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.2.320
Iggman, D., Rosqvist, F., Larsson, A., Arnlov, J., Beckman, L., Rudling, M. and Risérus, U. (2014) Role of Dietary Fats in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk during Moderate Weight Gain: A Randomized Double-Blind Overfeeding Trial (LIPOGAIN Study). Journal of the American Heart Association, 3, e001095. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001095
Kien, C.L., Bunn, J.Y., Stevens, R., Bain, J., Ikayeva, O., Crain, K., Koves, T.R. and Muoio, D.M. (2014) Dietary Intake of Palmitate and Oleate Has Broad Impact on Systemic and Tissue Lipid Profiles in Humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99, 436-445. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.070557
Lucci, P., Borrero, M., Ruiz, A., Pacetti, D., Frega, N., Diez, O., Ojeda, M., Gagliardi, R., Parra, L. and Angel, M. (2016) Palm Oil and Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Hybrid Palm Oil Supplementation on Human Plasma Lipid Patterns. Food and Function, 7, 347-354. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO01083G
Pell, C., Allotey, P., Evans, N., Hardon, A., Imelda, J.D., Soyiri, I. and Reidpath, D.D. (2016) Coming of Age, Becoming Obese: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Obesity among Adolescents and Young Adults in Malaysia. BMC Public Health, 16, 1082. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3746-x