Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Valorization of <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Oil in Soap Production
Department of Natural Sciences, Normal High School, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Laboratory of Natural Substances Chemistry (IRSEN), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (BCM), Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Department of Natural Sciences, Normal High School, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 1 Department of Natural Sciences, Normal High School, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 2 Laboratory of Natural Substances Chemistry (IRSEN), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 3 Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 4 Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 5 Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 6 Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 7 Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (BCM), Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 8 Analytical Chemistry and Bioactive Substances Team, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- 9 Department of Natural Sciences, Normal High School, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Green and Sustainable Chemistry·Volume 12 (2022)·Pages 104–117·Published 11 November 2022·DOI10.4236/gsc.2022.124009
Copy link · social · email
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of extracting and characterising Cucurbita pepo seed oil and then producing soap with important dermatological properties. The physico-chemical results of the Cucurbita pepo seed oil after extraction were satisfactory and indicate that the oil obtained contains long-carbonaceous fatty acids. The production of the soap was based on the realisation of a saponification reaction by reflux heating between the extracted oil and a solution of soduim hydroxyde 7M for one hour. The soap obtained is characterised by the following physico-chemical parameters: salt content, alkali content, pH, and humidity; which meet ISO 684-1974 standards. The antibacterial parameters of the soaps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were determined by the Agar Diffusion test using the well method and these soaps showed an interesting antibacterial activity against the germs pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus . Soaps based on Raffia sese oil (kolo oil) and Elaesis guineensis oil (palm oil) have also been synthesized for comparison with soap obtained from Cucurbita pepo seed oil.
KeywordsValorization<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>Seeds<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>OilSoapAntibacterial Activity
- François, R. (1974) Les industries des corps gras: Biochimie, extraction, raffinage, nuissance et réglementation. Tec & Doc, 333-337.
- Chevreul, M.E. (1823) Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras d’origine animale. F. G. Levrault, Chemistry, Organic. https://books.google.com
- AOCS (2005) Determination of cis-, trans-, Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetable or Non-Ruminant Animal Oils and Fats by Capillary GLC Method: In Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS. Fifth Edition, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Urbana.
- National Research Council (1989) Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. The National Academies Press, Washington DC, 159. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1222.html
- Fu, C.L., Shi, H. and Li, Q.H. (2006) A Review on Pharmacological Activities and Utilization Technologies of Pumpkin. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 61, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-006-0016-6
- Evangelos, G.G. (2018) Analysis of 22 Vegetable Oils’ Physico-Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition on a Statistical Basis, and Correlation with the Degree of Unsaturation. Renewable Energy, 126, 403-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.03.057
- Eugène Lormé, M.G. (1859) Traité complet de la fabrication des savons: Contenant des notions sur les alcalis, les corps gras saponifiables et des instructions sur la fabrication des savons marbrés. Roret, Paris. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30834449s
- Kulczyński, B. and Gramza-Michalowska, A. (2019) The Profile of Secondary Metabolites and Other Bioactive Compounds in Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Pumpkin Cultivars. Molecules, 24, Article No. 2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162945
- Nakavoua, A.H.W., Enoua, G.C., Manhan-Iniangas, S., Chalard, P. and Figuérédo, G. (2021) Use of Cucurbita pepo Oil to Fight against the UV Action on the Skin. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 11, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2021.112005
- Wolf, J. (1968) Manuel d’analyse des corps gras. Edition Azoulay, Paris, France, 164-168.
- UIPAC6 (1987) Méthode d’analyse des matières grasses et dérivés. 6è Edition, 123-142.
- AFNOR (1998) Recueil des normes Françaises, corps gras, graines oléagineuses, produits dérivés. 4è Edition, AFNOR, Paris, 110-115.
- Bernat, E., Jordi-Roger, R., Grau, B., Antoni, R. and Rita, P. (2012) Temperature Dependence of Density and Viscosity of Vegetable Oils. Biomass and Bioenergy, 42, 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.03.007