To analyze the correlation between coronary heart disease and the possible risk factors such as age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes, uric acid and plasma fibrinogen, to screen the main risk factors of coronary heart disease in the elderly and evaluate the intervention status of coronary heart disease in the elderly. In the unchangeable risk factors, age is still the main risk factor of coronary heart disease; in terms of gender, the onset age of female coronary heart disease is later than that of male, but the complications and mortality rate are higher than that of male, and the risk factors are more than that of male. The first level prevention needs doctors and patients to establish a mutual trust relationship, and actively intervene to reduce the total risk of cardiovascular disease. Drug compliance management should be strengthened in secondary prevention.
KeywordsCoronary Heart DiseaseCardiovascularRisk FactorsIntervention Status
Lynn, M.M. (2000) Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Evidence Offers Multiple Strategies. Advance for Nurse Practitioners, 8, 36-41.
Hoeks, S.E., Reimer, W.J., Schouten, O., et al. (2008) Statin Use in the Elderly: Results from a Peripheral Vascular Survey in the Netherlands. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 48, 891-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.073
Andersen, K.K., Andersen, Z.J. and Olsen, T.S. (2010) Age- and Gender-Specific Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in 40 102 Patients with First-Ever Ischemic Stroke: A Nmionwide Danish Study. Stroke, 41, 2768-2774. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595785
Fu, J. (2012) Risk Factors Analysis and Intervention Status of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang.
Okada, K., Iso, H., Cui, R., Inoue, M. and Tsugane, S. (2011) Pulse Pressure Is an Independent Risk Factor for Stroke among Middle-Aged Japanese with Normal Systolic Blood Pressure: The JPHC Study. Journal of Hypertension, 29, 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834143d9
Kass, D. (2002) Age-Related Changes in Ventricular-Arterial Coupling Pathophysiologic Implications. Heart Failure Reviews, 7, 51-62.
Vasan, R.S., Beiser, A., Seshadrl, S., et al. (2002) Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-Aged Women and Man: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA, 287, 1003-1010. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.8.1003
Verwoert, G.C., Mattace-Raso, F.U.S., Hofrnan, A., et al. (2008) Orthostatic Hypotension and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly People: The Rotterdam Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 1816-1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01946.x
De Freitas, E.V., Brandao, A.A., Pozzan, R., et al. (2011) Importance of High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) Levels to the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the Elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 52, 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.022
Mazza, A., Tikhonoff, V., Schiavon, L. and Casiglia, E. (2005) Triglycerides + High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Dyslipidaemia, a Coronary Risk Factor in Elderly Women: The Cardiovascular Study in the Elderly. Internal Medicine Journal, 35, 604-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2005.00940.x
Luan, Y.X. (2010) Detection and Correlation Analysis of Serum h-CRP and IMT in 106 Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Shandong Medicine, 50, 61-62.
Veeranna, V., Pradhan, J., Niraj, A., et al. (2010) Traditional Cardio-Vascular Risk Factors and Severity of Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease in the Elderly. Preventive Cardiology, 13, 135-140.
Sakurai, T., Iimuro, S., Araki, A., Umegaki, H., Ohashi, Y., Yokono, K. and Ito, H. (2010) Age-Associated Increase in Abdominal Obesity and Insulin Resistance, and Usefulness of AHA/NHLBI Definition of Metabolic Syndrome for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Gerontology, 56, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1159/000246970
Paresh, D., Ajay, C., Priya, M.E. and Husam, G. (2007) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 10, 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e38774
Lodarczyk, A. and Strojek, K. (2008) Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris. Obesity Predicts Coronary Atherosclerosis and Dysglycemia. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 118, 719-726. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.538
Glueck, C.J., Morrison, J.A., Goldenberg, N. and Wang, P. (2009) Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Adult Premenopausal White Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Compared with a Healthy Female Population. Metabolism, 58, 714-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.02.005
HOPE/HOPE-TOO Study Investigators (2005) Long-Term Effects of Ramipril on Cardiovascular Events and on Diabetes: Results of the Hope Study Extension. Circulation, 112, 1339-1346. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548461
Maple-Brown, L.J., Cunninhan, J., Nandi, N., Hodge, A. and O’Dea, K. (2010) Fibrinogen and Associated Risk Factors in a High-Risk Population: Urban Indigenous Australians, the DRUID Study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 9, Article No. 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-9-69
Strasak, A., Ruttmann, E., Brant, L., et al. (2008) Serum Uric Acid and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality: A Prospective Long-Term Study of 83, 683 Austrian Men. Clinical Chemistry, 54, 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.094425
Wheeler, J.G., Juzwishin, K.D.M., Eiriksdottir, G., Gudnason, V. and Danesh, J. (2005) Serum Uric Acid and Coronary Heart Disease in 9,458 Incident Cases and 155,084 Controls: Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Medicine, 2, e76. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020076
Akpek, M., Kaya, M.G., Uyarel, H., et al. (2011) The Association of Serum Uric Acid Levels on Coronary Flow in Patients with STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI. Atherosclerosis, 219, 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.021
Onat, A., Uyarel, H., Hergenc, G., et al. (2006) Serum Uric Acid Is a Determinant of Metabolic Syndrome in a Population-Based Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 19, 1055-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.02.014
John, G.C., Catarina, I.K., William, J.R., et al. (2011) Number of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and Mortality in Patients with First Myocardial Infarction. JAMA, 306, 2120-2127. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1654
Dombrook-Lavender, K.A., Roth M.T. and Pieper, J.A. (2003) Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in the Elderly. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 37, 1867-1876. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1D026
Feringa, H.H.H., Bax, J.J., Karagianis, S.E., et al. (2009) Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Vascular Surgery: Risk Factors and Medication Associated with Risk Reduction. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 48, 116-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2007.11.003
Brugts, J.J., Yetgin, T., Hocks, S.E., et al. (2009) The Benefits of Statins in People without Established Cardiovascular Disease but with Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. BMJ, 338, b2376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2376
Ho, P.M., Magid, D.M., Shetterly, S.M., et al. (2008) Medication Non-Adherence Is Associated with a Broad Range of Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. American Heart Journal, 155, 772-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2007.12.011
Lin, G.A., Dudley, R.A. and Redberg, R.F. (2007) Cardiologists’ Use of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 1604-1609. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.15.1604