Examination of Respiratory Health-Consideration of Atopic and Non-Atopic Staff in Veterinary Practices

Abstract

Introduction: In veterinary medicine, with its diverse exposures, employees are at increased risk of sensitization, allergies, and occupational respiratory diseases. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the lung function of 103 veterinary assistants and nineteen veterinarians in veterinary practices regarding sensitization, atopy, and asthma. All participants completed a questionnaire. We determined specific IgE, and lung function using spirometry and body plethysmography according to the ATS criteria. The results were compared with the reference values of the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) based on the z-score. Subjects with known, physician-confirmed asthma or regular medication use were excluded, leaving 109 subjects. Results: Spirometry and body plethysmography showed repeatable results without artifacts. The median z-score of the Tiffeneau-index and the maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), parameters for identifying obstructive ventilation limitations, were significantly reduced compared to the norm. Manifest obstructive airway disease was found in 6.3% (n = 2/32) atopic and 9.1% (n = 7/77) non-atopic subjects. The TLC z-score showed a normal median and normal distribution. According to the GLI reference values, 4.6% of these values were below the normal (LLN) limit. The analyses showed a relevant influence of atopy status, sensitization to furry animals, and tobacco smoking on the FEV 1 /FVC ratio. No significant correlations were found between lung function and occupational characteristics. Conclusion: Manifest obstructive lung disease was found in both symptom-free and symptomatic individuals. The study emphasizes the need for close monitoring of sensitized workers to detect early impairment and limit occupational effects on lung function.