Dental Status of Dialysis Patients in Central Senegal: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on dialysis are at increased risk of oral health problems. Limited data exist on the dental status of dialysis patients in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly outside major urban centers. Objective: To investigate the dental status of dialysis patients in central Senegal and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in three regions of central Senegal (Diourbel, Kaolack, and Louga) from February to May 2021. All dialysis patients meeting the inclusion criteria were examined. Dental status was assessed using the DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth). Sociodemographic, clinical, and oral health access variables were collected. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations. Results: Of 162 eligible patients, 147 participated (90.7% response rate). Mean age was 47.86 ± 14.98 years, with 52.4% females. Caries prevalence was 86.39% with a mean DMFT index of 7.91 ± 6.69. Mean decayed teeth: 4.64 ± 3.85, missing teeth: 3.30 ± 5.01, filled teeth: 0.11 ± 0.89. DMFT index varied significantly between centers (p = 0.033), with CHRL showing the highest (10.34 ± 8.03) and CHRK the lowest (4.94 ± 4.98). Only 19.7% had consulted a dentist since dialysis initiation, and 93.9% lacked health insurance. Conclusion: High caries prevalence and poor oral health status among dialysis patients in central Senegal highlight the urgent need for integrated oral health policies and improved access to dental care for this vulnerable population.