Most studies on beggars in Nigeria have focused exclusively on the social course of indigenous begging activities in Nigerian cities. There exists dearth of knowledge about international migrant beggars and their health-seeking behavior in Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria. A cross sectional survey data were collected through purposive sampling technique among a total of 250 international migrant beggars in six locations in Ibadan. Results showed that 56% of respondents were female, few had formal education, 85.6% were married, and 94.8% were Muslim. Respondents migrated from Niger (83.6%), Chad (11.2%), Mali (4.0%) and Benin (1.2%). None had a legal residence permit. Respondents’ mean residence duration in Nigeria was 8.5 years. Malaria was common to beggars both in their home country and in Nigeria. Treatment was received from patent medicine vendors by 51.2% respondents. Advice for appropriate treatment for illness was received from family members by 44.4% migrant beggars. Sex and country of beggars have a direct relationship with the treatment seeking (P < 0.05). Financial and legal status of migrant beggars dynamically limited their healthcare choices. Routine health education on hygiene practice and appropriate treatment-seeking should be taken to beggars at their different locations by health workers as means of prevention of the spread of diseases.
CSDH (2008) Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Bass, J.G. (2006) What really causes civil war? The New York Times, 17 December 2006.
Bates, I., Fenton, C., Gruber, J., Lalloo, D., Medina Lara, A. and Squire, S.B. (2004) Vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS infection and disease. Part I: Determinants operating at individual and household level. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4, 267-277. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01002-3
Ogunkan, D.V. and Fawole, O.A. (2009) Incidence and socio-economic dimensions of begging in Nigeria cities: The case of Ogbomoso. International NGO Journal, 4, 498-503.
Kassah, A.K. (1998) Community-based rehabilitation and stigma management by physically disabled people in Ghana. Disability and Rehabilitation, 20, 66-73. doi:10.3109/09638289809166056
Pfaltzgraff, R.E. (2003) Begging as a profession and dehabilitation among leprosy patients. Leprosy Review, 74, 280-281.
Castro, R.E.J. and Leya, R. (2007) Globalización y enfermedades infecciosas en las poblaciones indígenas de México. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 23, S41-S50. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2007001300006
Regassa, R. and Yusuffe, A. (2009) Gender differentials in migration impact in southern Ethiopia. Anthropologist, 11, 129-137.
Oyewumi, O. (1997) The invention of women: Making an African sense of western gender discourses. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Matory, J.L. (1994) Gender and the politics of metaphor: Sex and the empire that is no more in Oyo Yoruba religion. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Coimbra, C.E. and Basta, P.C. (2007) The burden of tuberculosis in indigenous peoples in Amazonia, Brazil. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101, 635- 636. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.03.013
Hawker, J.I., Bakhshi, S.S., Ali, S. and Cp, F. (1999) Ecological analysis of ethnic differences in relation between tuberculosis and poverty. British Medical Journal, 319, 1031-1034. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7216.1031
Diaz De Quijano, E., Brugal, M.T., Pasarin, M.I., Galdos- Tanguis, H., Cayla, J. and Borrell, C. (2001) Influencia de las desigualdades sociales, la conflictividad social y la pobreza extrema sobre la morbilidad por tuberculosis en la ciudad de Barcelona. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 75, 517-528. doi:10.1590/S1135-57272001000600004
Allen, R. (2001) Parasites and guns: Waging war against malaria. African Health (Medicine Digest), 24, 12-13.
Arroyo, J., Saavedra, C., Cueto, M., Murillo, P. and Vidal, E. (2001) Interculturalidad en la atención de la salud. Estudio socioantropologico de enfermedades que cursan con síndrome ictero hemorrágico en ayacucho y cusco. Ministerio De Salud, Lima.
Faura, T., Garcia, F., Isla, P., Lopez, C., Robau, M., Moreno, A. and Tricas, A. (2007) Problemas de salud y la vulnerabilidad social en pacientes inmigrantes ingresados con patologia infecciosa: Estudio caso-control. Revista Clínica Española, 207, 234-239. doi:10.1157/13102315
Derose, K.P. and Escarce, J.J. (2007) Inmigrants and health care: Sources of vulnerability. Health Affairs, 26, 1258-1268. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1258
Zhang, T., Tang, S., Jun, G. and Whitehead, M. (2007) Persistent problems of access to appropriate, affordable Tb services in rural China: Experiences of different socioeconomic groups. BMC Public Health, 7, 19. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-19
Cambanis, A., Yassin, M.A., Ramsay, A., Bertel Squire, S., Arbide, I. and Cuevas, L.E. (2005) Rural poverty and delayed presentation to tuberculosis services in Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10, 330-335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01393.x
Santha, T., Renu, G., Frieden, T.R., Subramani, R., Gopi, P.G., Chandrasekaran, V., Selvakumar, N., Thomas, A., Rajeswari, R., Balasubramanian, R., Kolappan, C. and Narayanan, P.R. (2003) Are community surveys to detect tuberculosis in high prevalence areas useful? Results of a comparative study from Tiruvallur District, South India. International Journal of Tuberculosis & Lung Disease, 7, 258-265.
Bhatia, S., Dranyi, T. and Rowley, D. (2002) A social and demographic study of Tibetan refugees in India. Social Science and Medicine, 54, 411-422. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00040-5
Kirwan, D.E., Nicholson, B.D., Baral, S.C. and Newell, J.N. (2009) The social reality of migrant men with tuberculosis in Kathmandu: Implications for DOT in practice. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 14, 1442- 1447. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02405.x
Udo, R.K. (1997) Migration and Urbanisation in Nigeria. Nigeria Migration and Urbanization Survey, 2003 NISER, Ibadan.
Afolayan, A.A., Ikwuyatum, G.O. and Abejide, O. (2008) Dynamics of international migration in Nigeria. African Perspectives on Human Mobility Programme, MacArthur Foundation.
Botto-Abella, C. and Graterol-Mendoza, B. (2007) Globalización, desigualdad y transmisión de enfermedades tropicales en el amazonas venezolano. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 23, S51-S63. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2007001300007
Cabezas, C., Suarez, M., Romero, G., Carrillo, C., García, M.P. and Reátegui, J. (2006) Hiperendemicidad de hepatitis viral b y delta en pueblos indígenas de la amazonía peruana. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 23, 114-122.
Grenfell, P., Fanello, C.I., Magris, M., Goncalves, J., Metzger, W.G., Vivas-Martinez, Curtis, C. and Vivas, L. (2008) Anaemia and malaria in Yanomami communities with differing access to healthcare. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102, 645-652. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.021
Daniel, S.O. (1977) Social studies of the destitudes (beggars) in Nigeria: Lagos experience. Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 80, 156-168.
Adedibu, A.A. (1989) Begging and poverty in Third World Cities: A case study of Ilorin, Nigeria. Ilorin Journal of Business and Social Science, 1, 25-40.
Smith, R.C. (2005) Mexican New York: Transnational lives of new immigrants. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Ogunkan, D.V. (2009) Socio-economic implication of begging in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Ilorin, Ilorin.
Ogunkan, D.V. (2011) Begging and almsgiving in Nigeria: The Islamic perspective. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 3, 127-131.
Ribadu, D.Y. and Mahmoud, A.O. (2010) Assessment of interrelationship between poverty and blindness in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 17, 308-312.
Jelili, M.O. (2006) Environmental and socio-economic dimensions of begging in Ilorin and Ogbomoso. Unpublished Master Thesis, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso.
Rosenstock, I.M. (1974) Historical origin of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2, 238.
Rosenstock, I.M. (1966) Why people use health services. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 44, 94-124. doi:10.2307/3348967
Janz, N.K. and Becker, M.H. (1984) The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11, 1-47. doi:10.1177/109019818401100101
D’Hondt, W. and Vandewiele, M. (1984) Beggary in West Africa. Journal of Adolescence, 7, 59-72. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(84)90048-4
Kudrati, M., Plummer, M.L. and Yousif, N.D. (2008) Children of the sug: A study of the daily lives of street children in Khartoum, Sudan, with intervention recommendations. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 439-448. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.07.009
Bourguigon, F.J. (2006) Women on the move: Magnitudes, trends and impacts of international migration of women. United Nations, New York.
NISER (1997) Nigerian migration and urbanization survey 1993. NISER, Ibadan.
Mullany, L.C. (2007) Population-based survey methods to quantify associations between human right violations and health outcomes among internally displaced persons in Eastern Burma. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 61, 908-914. doi:10.1136/jech.2006.055087
Beyrer, C. and Lee, T.J. (2008) Responding to infections in burma and her border regions. Conflict and Health, 2, 1-3. doi:10.1186/1752-1505-2-2
Oyadoke, A.A., Brieger, W.R., Adesope, A. and Salami, K.K. (2003-2004) Migrant farm workers in Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for HIV transmission. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 22, 247-266. doi:10.2190/RC0L-D0W5-P1FT-VV1X
Oshiname, F.O. and Brieger, W.R. (1992) Primary care training for patent medicine vendors in rural Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine, 35, 1477-1484. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90050-Z
Brieger, W.R., Salami, K.K. and Oshiname, F.O. (2007) Perceptions of drug color among drug sellers and consumers in rural Southwestern Nigeria. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 3, 303-319. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2006.10.004
Brieger, W.R., Osamor, P.E., Salami, K.K., Oladepo, O. and Otusanya, S.A. (2004) Observations of interaction between patent medicine vendors and customers in urban and rural Nigeria. Health Policy and Planning, 19, 177- 182. doi:10.1093/heapol/czh021
Norman, P. and Conner, M. (1996) The role of social cognition models in predicting health behaviours: Future directions. In: Conner, M. and Norman, P., Eds., Predicting Health Behaviours: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models, Open University Press, Buckingham, 197-225.
Erinosho, O. (2011) Sociological explanation of insecurity in Nigeria: The Boko Haram phenomenon. Lecture Delivered at the Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 18 August 2011 for the Nigerian Sociological and Anthropological Association (Students’ chapter) of the University of Ibadan, 1-8.
Jegede, A.S., Salami, K.K., Temilola, O.M. and Adejumo, P.O. (2004) Communal conflict and HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 7, 140-154.
Okoli, C. (1993) The menace of organized street begging in Lagos, Nigeria. Newsletter 10, Disability Awareness in Action.