Pancreas divisum is a kind of congenital anatomic abnormality; its diagnostic basis depends mainly on imaging examination. With the development of medical science, imaging technology has been improved and added, and a complete examination system including ERCP, B-Ultrasound, MRCP, S-MRCP and CT, etc. has been formed. There are even researcher, through further analysis of pancreas divisum on the level of genes, found that CFTR is a risk factor causing such disease. This paper is focused on the value of these examination methods in the diagnosis of pancreas divisum.
Kozu T., Suda, K. and TokI, F. (1995) Pancreatic devel-opment and anatomical variation. Gastrointestinal En-doscopy Clinics of North America, 5, 1.
Cotton, Pb. (1980) Congenital anomaly of pancreas di-visum as cause of obstructive pain and pancreatitis. Gut, 21, 105.
Sklein, J. (2004) Pancreas divisum, an evidence-based review: part I. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 60, 419.
Varshney, S. and Johnson, C.D. (1995) Pancreas divisum. International Journal of Pancreatol, 25, 135-141.
Staritzm, M. and Buschenfelde K. (1988) Elevated pres-sure in the dorsal part of pancreas divisum: The cause of chronic pancreatitis? Pancreas, 3, 108.
Coyle, W.j., Pineau, Bc., Tarnasky, Pr., Knapple, Wl., Aabakken, l., Hoffman, Bj., Cunningham, J.t., Hawes, R.h. and Cotton, Pb. (2002) Evaluation of unexplained acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, sphincter of Oddi manometry and endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy, 34, 617-623.
Kinney, Tp. and Treeman, Ml. (2005) The role of endos-copic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endos-copic ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol, 51, 265-288.
Canlas, Kr. and Branch, Ms. (2007) Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute pancreatitis. World Journal of Gastroenterol, 13, 6314-6320.
Kinney, Tp., lai, R. and Freeman, Ml. (2006) Endoscopic approach to acute pancreatitis. Rev Gastroenterol Disord, 6, 119-135.
Liu, Q.C., Gao, F., Ou, Q.S., et al. (2008) Novel mutation and polymorphism of PRSS1 gene in the Chinese patients with heredity pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Chinese Medical Journal, 121, 108-111.
Freeman, M.L., Nelson, D.B., Sherman, S., Haber, G.B., Herman, M.E., Dorsher, P.J., Moore, J.P., Fennerty, M.B., Lande, J.D. and Pheley, A.M. (1996) Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy. New England Journal of Medicine, 335, 9.
Petrone, M.C., Arcidiacono, P.G., Testoni and P.A. (2008) Endoscopic ultrasonography for evaluating patients with recurrent pancreatitis, World Journal of Gastroenterol, 14, 1016-1022.
Kinney, T.P., Lai, R. and Freeman, M.L. (2006) Endos-copic approach to acute pancreatitis. Rev Gastroenterol Disord, 6, 119-135.
Tandon, M. and Topazian, M. (2001) Endoscopic ultra-sound in idiopathic acute pancreatic. American Journal of Gastroenterol, 96, 705-709.
Rizk, M.K. and Gerke, H. (2007) Utility of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatitis: A review. World Journal of Gastroenterol, 13, 6321-6326.
Coyle, W.J., Pineau, B.C., Tarnasky, P.R., Knapple, W.L., Aabakken, L., Hoffman, B.J., Cunningham, J.T. and Hawes, R. (2002) Evaluation of unexplained acute re-current pancreatitis using endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography, sphincter of Oddi manometry and endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy, 34, 617-623.
Mohammad, A1.M. and Wallace, B. (2008) Diagnostic approach to patients with acute idiopathic and recurrent pancreatitis, what should we done? World Journal of Ga-stroenterol, 14, 1001-1010.
Napoleon, B., Dumortier, J., Keriven-Souquet, O., Pujol, B., Ponchon, T. and Souquet, J.C. (2003) Do normal findings at biliary endoscopic ultrasonography obviate the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with suspicion of common bile duct stone? A prospective follow-up study of 238 patients. Endoscopy, 35, 411-415.
Khalid, A., Peterson, M. and Slivka, A. (2003) Secretin- stimulated magnetic resonance pancreaticogram to assess pancreatic duct outflow obstruction in evaluation of idi-opathic acute recurrent pancreatitis: A pilot study. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 48, 1475-1481.
Hellund, J.C., Geitung, J.T., Meo, A.M., et al. (2002) Secretin stimulated magnetic resonance cholangiopan-creatography in diseases of biliary and pancreatic ducts. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 122, 691-694.
Ueno, E., Takada, Y., Yoshida, I., Joda, J., Sugiura, T. and Toki, F. (1998) Pancreatic diseases: evaluation with MR cholangiopancreatofraphy. Pancreas, 16, 418-426.
Mariani, A., Curioni, S., Zanello, A., Passaretti, S., Masci, E., Rossi, M., Del Maschio, A. and Testoni, P.A. (2003) Secretin MRCP and endoscopic pancreatic manometry in the evaluation of sphincter of Oddi function: a comparative pilot study in patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 58, 847-852.
Testoni, P.A., Mariani, A., Curioni, S., Zanello, A. and Masci, E. (2008) MRCP-secretin test-guided management of idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis: long-term outcomes. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 67, 1028-1034.
Czakó, L., Takács, T., Morvay, Z., Csernay, L. and Lo-novics, J. (2004) Diagnostic value of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) after unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography. Orv Hetil, 145, 529-534.
Sai, J.K., Suyama, M., Kubokawa, Y. and Watanabe, S. (2008) Diagnosis of mild chronic pancreatitis (Cambridge classification): Comparative study using secretin injection-magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. World Journal of Gastroenterol, 14, 1218-1221.
Manfredir, R., Costamagna, G., Brizimg, M.G., et al. (2000) Severe chronic pancreatitis versus suspected pan-creatic disease dynamic MR cholangiopancreatography after secretin- stimulation. Radiology, 214, 849.
Liu, Q.C., Gao, F., Zhuang, Z.H., et al. (2007) Multisite Heterozygous mutations of PRSS1 Gene and Clinical Characterization of Patients with Hereditary Pancreatitis in the Chinese. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 34, 1269-1278.
Soto, J.A., Lucey, B.C., Stuhlfauct and J.W. (2005) Pan-creas divisum: Depiction with multi-detector row CT. Radiology, 235, 503-508.
Dray, X., Fajac, I., Bienvenu, T., Chryssostalis, A., Sogni, P. and Hubert, D. (2007) Association of pancreas divisum and recurrent acute pancreatitis with the IVS8-5T-12TG allele of the CFTR gene and CFTR dysfunction. Pan-creas, 35, 90-93.
Kamisawa, T., Tu, Y., Egawa, N., Tsurutak, K., Okamoto A and Kamata, N. (2007) MRCP of congential pancrea-ticobiliary malformation. Abdom Imaging, 32, 129- 133.