Indoor air quality has become an important matter for health and safety. Most manufacturing processes generate aerosols. In the metal cutting industry, dry machining processes are accompanied by dust emission (fogs, fine chips and metallic dust in both micrometers and nanometers scales) that has impacts on workers’ health. This research work aimed to understand and reduce the harmful impacts of the machining process on the occupational safety. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out on fine and ultrafine metallic dust emission during slot milling of 2024-T351, 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in dry conditions. It was confirmed that the cutting conditions influence significantly the specific surface area of ultrafine particles. It was also found that the cutting speed is a determinant factor for specific surface area of ultrafine particles and control during the slot milling process.
Rogula-Kozlowska, W., Pastuszka, J. S., and Talik, E. (2008) Influence of Vehicular Traffic on Concentration and Particle Surface Composition of PM10 and PM2.5 in Zabrze, Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17, 539-548.
Wichmann, H.E. and Peters, A. (2000) Epidemiological Evidence of the Effects of Ultrafine Particle Exposure. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 358, 2751-2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0682
Spurny, K.R. (2000) Aerosol chemical process in the environment. Lewis, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036251
Kappos, A.D., Bruckmann, P., Eikmann, T., Englert, N., Heinrich, U., et al. (2004) Health Effects of Particles in Ambient Air. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 207, 399-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00306
Klejnowski, K., Pastuszka, J.S., Rogula-Kozlowska, W., Talik, E. and Krasa, A. (2012) Mass Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of the Surface Layer of summer and winter airborne particles in Zabrze, Poland. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88, 255-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0452-3
Spindler, G., Bruggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Gruner, A., Muller, K. and Herrmann, H. (2010) A four-year sizesegregated characterization study of particles PM (10), PM (2.5) and PM (1) depending on air mass origin at Melpitz. Atmospheric Environment, 44, 164-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.015
Pope, C.A., Ezzati, M. and Dockery, D.W. (2009) Fineparticulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 376-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0805646
Sorensen, M., Autrup, H., Moller, P., Hertel, O., Jensen, S. S., et al. (2003) Linking Exposure to Environmental Pollutants with Biological Effects. Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research, 544, 255-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.06.010
Atmadi, A., Stephenson A. and Liang, S.Y. (2001) Cutting fluid aerosol from splash in turning: Analysis for environmentally conscious machining. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 17, 238-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170175
Yue, Y., Gunter, K.L., Michalek, D.J., et al. (2000) Cutting fluid mist formation in turning via atomization part 1: Model development. IMECE Proceedings of ASME: Manufacturing Engineering Division, 843-850.
Yue, Y., Sun, J., Gunter, K.L., et al. (2004) Character and behavior of mist generated by application of cutting fluid to a rotating cylindrical workpiece, Part 1: Model development. Transactions-American Society of Mechanical Engineers Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 126, 417-425.
Chen, Z., Liang, S.Y. and Yamaguchi, H. (2002) Predictive modeling of cutting fluid aerosol generation in cylindrical grinding, NAMRC, (West Lafayette, ID). Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1-8.
Bell, D.D., Chou, J., Nowag, L. and Liang, S.Y. (1999) Modeling of the environmental effect of cutting fluid. Tribology Transactions, 42, 168-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402009908982204
Chen, D., Sarumi, M. and Al-Hassani, S.T.S. (1998) Computational mean particle erosion model. Wear, 214, 64-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00210-X
Rossmoore, H.W. and Rossmoore, L.A. (1990) Effect of microbial growth products on biocide activity in metalworking fluids. Symposium on Extra Cellular Microbial Products in Bio-Deterioration, 145-156
Sondossi, M. and Rossmoore, H.W., et al. (2001) Relative formaldehyde resistance among bacterial survivors of biocide-treated metalworking fluid. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 48, 286-300 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00095-6
Sutherland, J.W., Kulur, V.N. and King, N.C. (2000) Experimental investigation of air quality in wet and dry turning. CIRP Annals—Manufacturing Technology, 49, 61-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62896-0
Chan, T.L., D’Arcy, J.B. and Siak, J. (1990) Size characteristics of machining fluid aerosols in an industrial metalworking environment. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5, 162-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047322X.1990.10389613
Khettabi, R., Zaghbani, I., Djebara, A., Kouam J. and Songmene, V. (2011) A new sustainability for machining processes. International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management, 2, 187-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJBCRM.2011.042299
Djebara, A., Songmene, V., Khettabi, R. and Kouam, J. (2012) An experimental investigation on ultrafine particles emission during milling process using statistical analysis. International Journal of Advances in Machining and Forming Operations, 4, 15-37.
Malshe, A.P., Naseem, H.A. and Brown, W.D. (1998) Apparatus for and method of polishing and planarizing polycrystalline diamonds, and polished and planarized polycrystalline diamonds and products made therefrom, United States Patent, Google Patents USA, Patent No. 5725413.
Tonshoff, H., Peters, J., Inasaki, I. and Paul, T. (1992) Modeling and simulation of grinding processes. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 41, 677-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63254-5
Dasch, J., D’Arcy, Gundrum, J.A., Sutherland, J., Johnson, J. and Carlson, D. (2005) Characterization of fine particles from machining in automotive plants. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2, 609-625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620500377659
Songmene, V., Balout, B. and Masounave, J. (2008) Clean machining: Experimental investigation on dust formation part 1: Influence of machining parameters and chip formation. International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design & Manufacturing, 14, 1-16.
Khettabi, R. and Songmene, V. (2010) Modeling of particle emission during dry orthogonal cutting. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 19, 776-789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9538-z
Warheit, D.B., Borm, P.J.A., Hennes, C. and Lademann, J. (2007) Testing strategies to establish the safety of nanomaterials: Conclusions of an ECETOC Workshop. Inhalation Toxicology, 19, 631-643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958370701353080
Songmene, V., Khettabi, R. and Kouam, J. (2012) Dry high-speed machining: A cost effective & green process, International Journal of Manufacturing Research (IJMR), 7, 229-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJMR.2012.048695