Iatrogenic opioid dependence is endemic and legal: Genetic addiction risk score (GARS) with electrotherapy a paradigm shift in pain treatment programs

1. ¹ Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA; Electronic Waveform Lab, Department of Pain Research, Huntington Beach, USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA Department of Molecular Nutrition, Impact Genomics, Inc., Austin, USA Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA Department of Holistic Medicine and Pain Track, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, USA Dominion Diagnostics LLC, North Kingstown, USA Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, USA Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, USA Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, India G
2. ² Department of Management Science and Statistics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
3. ³ Department of Psychiatry, Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston VA and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
4. ⁴ Electronic Waveform Lab, Department of Pain Research, Huntington Beach, USA Nautilus Inc., Vancouver, USA
5. ⁵ Electronic Waveform Lab, Department of Pain Research, Huntington Beach, USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
6. ⁶ Department of Molecular Nutrition, Impact Genomics, Inc., Austin, USA Igene LLC, Austin, USA
7. ⁷ Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA
8. ⁸ Department of Molecular Nutrition, Impact Genomics, Inc., Austin, USA Igene LLC, Austin, USA
9. ⁹ Department of Holistic Medicine and Pain Track, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, USA
10. ¹⁰ Department of Exercise Science, Quincy College, Quincy, USA
11. ¹¹ Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
12. ¹² Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA
13. ¹³ Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA