The Effect of Educational Intervention regarding Advance Care Planning for Advance Directives

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effects of empowerment and education intervention to promote Advance Care Planning (ACP) for residents in a highly aged and depopulated region. The study utilized a single-group pre- and post-test design and was conducted in Osakikamijima, Hiroshima, Japan. The researchers and town officials together formed an ACP committee and created an intervention framework. An ACP workshop was held for the participants and a self-administered questionnaire was carried out before, immediately after, and 3 months after the workshop. A total of 125 residents participated in the workshop and 87 of them completed more than 80% of the questionnaire items, whose responses were analyzed as valid responses. The number of participants who completed the AD increased significantly three months after the workshop ( p = 0.008). There was a slight increase in the frequency of consultation with the family, but no change was observed in terms of consultation with healthcare providers. The educational intervention in-creased the respondents’ awareness and knowledge of ACP but did not affect the autonomous decision-making process regarding end-of-life care. This strategic process of ACP empowered the residents’ awareness and attitude towards end-of-life care with an increased completion rate of AD. On the other hand, cognitive barriers remained toward communication and decision-making shared with healthcare providers. Insufficient consultation with family members also became evident. Therefore, a new intervention strategy which helps increase communication with healthcare providers needs to be formulated and guidelines for consultation with the family and others need to be prepared.