Objective: To investigate patient-reported factors those promote or inhibit food intake in older people after discharge from hospital. Background: Disease-related malnutrition leads to poor appetite, decreased food intake and affects convalescence negatively. Design: Secondary analysis of two intervention groups from an RCT. Methods: 111 older adults received nutritional follow-up one, two and four weeks after discharge. Self-reported food intake was classified as adequate (AQ) or inadequate (IAQ) energy intake two weeks after discharge. Data on inhibitory and promoting factors, body weight, ADL-function, readmission and mortality were analysed and comparison made between AQ and IAQ groups. Results: More IAQ participants reported fatigue and eating all meals alone. All participants lost body weight, but more IAQ participants lost body weight. More IAQ participants were readmitted to hospital 30 days after discharge. Conclusion: “Fatigue” and “eating all meals alone” affect food intake negatively, leading to loss of body weight and readmission to hospital.
Holst, M., Yifter-Lindgren, E., Surowiak, M., Nielsen, K., Mowe, M., Carlsson, M., et al. (2013) Nutritional Screening and Risk Factors in Elderly Hospitalized Patients: Association to Clinical Outcome? Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27, 953-961. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12010
Kaiser, M.J., Bauer, J.M., Ramsch, C., Uter, W., Guigoz, Y., Cederholm, T., et al. (2010) Frequency of Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Multinational Perspective Using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58, 1734-1738. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03016.x
Charlton, K.E., Nichols, C., Bowden, S., Lambert, K., Barone, L., Mason, M., et al. (2010) Older Rehabilitation Patients Are at High Risk of Malnutrition: Evidence from a Large Australian Database. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 14, 622-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-010-0307-3
Giezenaar, C., Chapman, I., Luscombe-Marsh, N., Feinle-Bisset, C., Horowitz, M. and Soenen, S. (2016) Ageing Is Associated with Decreases in Appetite and Energy Intake—A Meta-Analysis in Healthy Adults. Nutrients, 8, pii: E28. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010028
Carlsson, P., Tidermark, J., Ponzer, S., Soderqvist, A. and Cederholm, T. (2005) Food Habits and Appetite of Elderly Women at the Time of a Femoral Neck Fracture and after Nutritional and Anabolic Support. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 18, 117-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2005.00594.x
Wysokinski, A., Sobow, T., Kloszewska, I. and Kostka, T. (2015) Mechanisms of the Anorexia of Aging: A Review. Age, 37, 9821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-015-9821-x
Nieuwenhuizen, W.F., Weenen, H., Rigby, P. and Hetherington, M.M. (2010) Older Adults and Patients in Need of Nutritional Support: Review of Current Treatment Options and Factors Influencing Nutritional Intake. Clinical Nutrition, 29, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2009.09.003
Callen, B.L. and Wells, T.J. (2003) Views of Community-Dwelling, Old-Old People on Barriers and Aids to Nutritional Health. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35, 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00257.x
Stanga, Z., Allison, S., Vandewoude, M. and Schneider, S.M. (2011) Nutrition in the Elderly. In: Sobotka, L., Ed., Basics in Clinical Nutrition, Publishing House Galén, Prague, 540-563.
MacIntosh, C., Morley, J.E. and Chapman, I.M. (2000) The Anorexia of Aging. Nutrition, 16, 983-995. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00405-6
Guigoz, Y., Lauque, S. and Vellas, B.J. (2002) Identifying the Elderly at Risk for Malnutrition: The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 18, 737-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(02)00059-9
Vellas, B., Guigoz, Y., Garry, P.J., Nourhashemi, F., Bennahum, D., Lauque, S., et al. (1999) The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Its Use in Grading the Nutritional State of Elderly Patients. Nutrition, 15, 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(98)00171-3
Nordic Counsel of Ministers (2014) Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012: Integrating Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_483279
Pedersen, J., Pedersen, P. and Damsgaard, E. (2015) Nutritional Follow-Up after Discharge of Malnourished Geriatric Patients—Design of a Randomized Clinical Study. Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice, 4, 92-101.
Shah, S., Vanclay, F. and Cooper, B. (1989) Improving the Sensitivity of the Barthel Index for Stroke Rehabilitation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42, 703-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(89)90065-6
Norman, K., Stobaus, N., Gonzalez, M.C., Schulzke, J.D. and Pirlich, M. (2011) Hand Grip Strength: Outcome Predictor and Marker of Nutritional Status. Clinical Nutrition, 30, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.09.010
Sheikh, J.I. (1986) Geriatric Depression Scale: Recent Evidence and Development of a Shorter Version. In: Brink, T.L., Ed., Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention, Hawtorn Press, New York, 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
Djernes, J.K., Kvist, E., Olesen, F., Munk-Jorgensen, P. and Gulmann, N.C. (2004) Validation of a Danish Translation of Geriatric Depression Scale-15 as a Screening Tool for Depression among Frail Elderly Living at Home. Ugeskrift for Laeger, 166, 905-909.
Avlund, K., Kreiner, S. and Schultz-Larsen, K. (1996) Functional Ability Scale for the Elderly: A Validation Study. European Journal of Public Health, 6, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/6.1.35
Pedersen, J.L., Pedersen, P.U. and Damsgaard, E.M. (2016) Early Nutritional Follow-Up after Discharge Prevents Deterioration of ADL Functions in Malnourished, Independent, Geriatric Patients Who Live Alone—A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 20, 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0629-2
Pedersen, J., Pedersen, P. and Damsgaard, E. (2017) Nutritional Follow-Up after Discharge Prevents Readmission to Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 21, 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-016-0745-7
Wakabayashi, H. and Sakuma, K. (2014) Rehabilitation Nutrition for Sarcopenia with Disability: A Combination of Both Rehabilitation and Nutrition Care Management. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 5, 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-014-0162-x
Sorbye, L.W., Schroll, M., Finne Soveri, H., Jonsson, P.V., Topinkova, E., Ljunggren, G., et al. (2008) Unintended Weight Loss in the Elderly Living at Home: The Aged in Home Care Project (AdHOC). The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 12, 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02982158
Covinsky, K.E., Pierluissi, E. and Johnston, C.B. (2011) Hospitalization-Associated Disability: She Was Probably Able to Ambulate, But I’m Not Sure. JAMA, 306, 1782-1793. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1556
Boyd, C.M., Landefeld, C.S., Counsell, S.R., Palmer, R.M., Fortinsky, R.H., Kresevic, D., et al. (2008) Recovery of Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults after Hospitalization for Acute Medical Illness. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 2171-2179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02023.x
Martin, P., Bishop, A., Poon, L. and Johnson, M.A. (2006) Influence of Personality and Health Behaviors on Fatigue in Late and Very Late Life. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.3.P161
Tennant, K.F., Takacs, S.E., Gau, J.T., Clark, B.C. and Russ, D.W. (2012) A Preliminary Study of Symptomatic Fatigue in Rural Older Adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 324-330.
Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., et al. (2001) Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56, M146-M156. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
Bartali, B., Frongillo, E.A., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., Semba, R.D., Fried, L.P., et al. (2006) Low Nutrient Intake Is an Essential Component of Frailty in Older Persons. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61, 589-593. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.6.589
Peterson, M.J., Giuliani, C., Morey, M.C., Pieper, C.F., Evenson, K.R., Mercer, V., et al. (2009) Physical Activity as a Preventative Factor for Frailty: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 64, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gln001
de Boer, A., Ter Horst, G.J. and Lorist, M.M. (2013) Physiological and Psychosocial Age-Related Changes Associated with Reduced Food Intake in Older Persons. Ageing Research Reviews, 12, 316-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2012.08.002
Ramic, E., Pranjic, N., Batic-Mujanovic, O., Karic, E., Alibasic, E. and Alic, A. (2011) The Effect of Loneliness on Malnutrition in Elderly Population. Medical Archives, 65, 92-95.
Ferry, M., Sidobre, B., Lambertin, A. and Barberger-Gateau, P. (2005) The Solinut Study: Analysis of the Interaction between Nutrition and Loneliness in Persons Aged over 70 Years. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 9, 261-268.
Wham, C.A., The, R.O., Robinson, M. and Kerse, N.M. (2011) What Is Associated with Nutrition Risk in Very Old Age? The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 15, 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-010-0304-6
Dahlberg, L., Andersson, L., McKee, K.J. and Lennartsson, C. (2015) Predictors of Loneliness among Older Women and Men in Sweden: A National Longitudinal Study. Aging and Mental Health, 19, 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.944091
Pedersen, P.U., Kuosma, K. and Hundrup, Y.A. (2014) Mealtime Assistance and Identification of Eating Difficulties Prevent Unintented Weight Loss in Nursing Home Residents—A Controlled Trial. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 4, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v4n11p33
Mowe, M., Bosaeus, I., Rasmussen, H.H., Kondrup, J., Unosson, M., Rothenberg, E., et al. (2008) Insufficient Nutritional Knowledge among Health Care Workers? Clinical Nutrition, 27, 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2007.10.014
Fletcher, A. and Carey, E. (2011) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in the Provision of Nutritional Care. The British Journal of Nursing, 20, 615-616, 618-620. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2011.20.10.615
Bauer, S., Halfens, R.J. and Lohrmann, C. (2015) Knowledge and Attitudes of Nursing Staff towards Malnutrition Care in Nursing Homes: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 19, 734-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0535-7
Hakonsen, S.J., Bjerrum, M., Bygholm, A., Kjelgaard, H.H. and Pedersen, P.U. (2018) The Routines, Knowledge and Attitudes towards Nutrition and Documentation of Nursing Staff in Primary Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing, 4, 1-8.
Bounoure, L., Gomes, F., Stanga, Z., Keller, U., Meier, R., Ballmer, P., et al. (2016) Detection and Treatment of Medical Inpatients with or At-Risk of Malnutrition: Suggested Procedures Based on Validated Guidelines. Nutrition, 32, 790-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.019
Schuetz, P., Fehr, R., Baechli, V., Geiser, M., Deiss, M., Gomes, F., et al. (2019) Individualised Nutritional Support in Medical Inpatients at Nutritional Risk: A Randomised Clinical Trial. The Lancet, 393, 2312-2321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32776-4