The area of knowledge management, the SECI mode in particular, has great value in terms of enriching patients’ knowledge about their diseases and its complications. Despite its effectiveness, the application of knowledge management in the healthcare sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia seems deficient, leading to insufficient practice of self-management and education of different prevalent diseases in the Kingdom. Moreover, the SECI model seems to be only focusing in the conversion of human knowledge and ignore knowledge stored in databases and other technological means. In this paper, we propose a framework to support diabetic patients and healthcare professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to self-manage their disease. Data mining and the SECI model can provide effective mechanisms to support people with diabetes mellitus. The area of data mining has long been utilised to discover useful knowledge whereas the SECI model facilitates knowledge conversion between tacit and explicit knowledge among different individuals. The paper also investigates the possibilities of applying the model in the web environment and reviews the tools available in the internet that can apply the four modes of the SECI model. This review helps in providing a new median for knowledge management by addressing several cultural obstacles in the Kingdom.
Lorig, K.R., Sobel, D.S., Ritter, P.L., Laurent, D. and Hobbs, M. (2000) Effect of a Self-Management Program on Patients with Chronic Disease. Effective Clinical Practice, 4, 256-262.
Ni, G., Wang, W., Wang, J., Zong, Z. and Xie, M. (2010) Research on the Knowledge Management System of the Vicarious Management Corporation. Information Science and Management Engineering, Xi’an, 7-8 August 2010, 62-67.
McInerney, C.R. and Koenig, M.E.D. (2011) Knowledge Management (KM) Processes in Organizations: Theoretical Foundations and Practice. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services, 3, 1-96.
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995) The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press.
Aljumah, A.A., Ahamad, M.G. and Siddiqui, M.K. (2013) Application of Data Mining: Diabetes Health Care in Young and Old Patients. The Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences, 25, 127-136.
Esfandiari, N., Babavalian, M.R., Moghadam, A.M.E. and Tabar, V.K. (2014) Knowledge Discovery in Medicine: Current Issue and Future Trend. Expert Systems with Applications, 41, 4434-4463.
Dalkir, K. and Liebowitz, J. (2011) Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. MIT Press.
Cao, J., Yao, Z., Li, Y., Zhai, C. and Xu, B. (2010) Utilizing SECI Model for Knowledge Management in Library. International Conference on Educational and Information Technology, Vol. 3, 62-64.
Chikh, A. (2011) A Knowledge Management Framework in Software Requirements Engineering Based on the SECI Model. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 4, 718-728. https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2011.412084
Li, Y.-H., Huang, J.-W. and Tsai, M.-T. (2009) Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: The Role of Knowledge Creation Process. Industrial Marketing Management, 38, 440-449.
Alshammari, T.M. (2016) Patient’s Medicinal Knowledge in Saudi Arabia: Are We Doing Well? Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 24, 560-562.
Szulanski, G. (2001) Knowledge Creation: A Source of Value. Academy of Management Review, 26, 318-320. https://doi.org/10.2307/259128
Scott, J.E. (1998) Organizational Knowledge and the Intranet. Decision Support Systems, 23, 3-17.
Ziebland, S., Lavie-Ajayi, M. and Lucius-Hoene, G. (2014) The Role of the Internet for People with Chronic Pain: Examples from the DIPEx International Project. British Journal of Pain, 9, 62-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714555438
Application of the SECI Model Using Web Tools to Support Diabetes Self-Management and Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia — Oak Academic Publishing
American Diabetes Association (2013) Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 36, 67-74.
Ministry of Health (2016) Health Days 2016—World Diabetes Day. http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/healthDay/2016/Pages/HealthDay- 2016-11-14.aspx
Zhang, P., Zhang, X., Brown, J., Vistisen, D., Sicree, R., Shaw, J. and Nichols, G. (2010) Global Healthcare Expenditure on Diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87, 293-301.
Shaw, J.E., Sicree, R.A. and Zimmet, P.Z. (2010) Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87, 4-14.
Ministry of Health (2011) Health Statistical Year Book 1432H. http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english/
Ministry of Health (2014) Statistical Year Book 1435H. http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/Book/Pages/default.aspx
International Diabetes Federation (2014) Saudi Arabia International Diabetes Federation. http://www.idf.org/membership/mena/saudi-arabia
International Diabetes Federation (2015) IDF Diabetes Atlas.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) Global Health—Saudi Arabia. https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/saudi_arabia/
Péres, D.S., dos Santos, M.A., Zanetti, M.L. and Ferronato, A.A. (2007) Difficulties of Diabetic Patients in the Illness Control: Feelings and Behaviors. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 15, 1105-1112. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000600008
Blonde, L. (2005) Current Challenges in Diabetes Management. Clinical Cornerstone, 7.
Onwudiwe, N.C., Mullins, C.D., Winston, R.A., Shaya, F.T., Pradel, F.G., Laird, A. and Saunders, E. (2014) Barriers to Self-Management of Diabetes: A Qualitative Study among Low-Income Minority Diabetics. South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, 11, 61-65.
Sweileh, W.M., Zyoud, S.H., Abu Naba, R.J., Deleq, M.I., Enaia, M.I., Nassar, S.M. and Al-Jabi, S.W. (2014) Influence of Patients? Disease Knowledge and Beliefs about Medicines on Medication Adherence: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Palestine. BMC Public Health, 14, 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-94
Zargar, A. (2017) Diabetes Control during Ramadan Fasting. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84, 352-356. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84a.16073
Hassanein, M., Al-Arouj, M., Hamdy, O., Bebakar, W.M.W., Jabbar, A., Al-Madani, A., Hanif, W., Lessan, N., Basit, A., Tayeb, K., Omar, M., Abdallah, K., Al Twaim, A., Buyukbese, M.A., El-Sayed, A.A. and Ben-Nakhi, A. (2017) Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 126, 303-316.
Powers, M.A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M.M., Fischl, A.H., Maryniuk, M.D., Siminerio, L. and Vivian, E. (2017) Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 43, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721716689694
Deakin, T., McShane, C.E., Cade, J.E. and Williams, R.D.R.R. (2005) Group Based Training for Self-Management Strategies in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD003417. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003417.pub2
Herbig, B., Bussing, A. and Ewert, T. (2001) The Role of Tacit Knowledge in the Work Context of Nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34, 687-695. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01798.x
Thornton, T. (2006) Tacit Knowledge as the Unifying Factor in Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Judgement. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 1, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5341-1-2
Kothari, A., Rudman, D., Dobbins, M., Rouse, M., Sibbald, S. and Edwards, N. (2012) The Use of Tacit and Explicit Knowledge in Public Health: A Qualitative Study. Implementation Science, 7, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-20
Boateng, W. (2008) Knowledge Management in Evidence-Based Medical Practice: Does the Patient Matter? Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 8, 281-292.
Hovlid, E., Bukve, O., Haug, K., Aslaksen, A.B. and von Plessen, C. (2012) Sustainability of Healthcare Improvement: What Can We Learn from Learning Theory? BMC Health Services Research, 12, 235. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-235
Wickramasinghe, N. and Davison, G. (2004) Making Explicit the Implicit Knowledge Assets in Healthcare: The Case of Multidisciplinary Teams in Care and Cure Environments. Health Care Management Science, 7, 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HCMS.0000039381.02400.49
Al-Ghamdi, S.A., Mahmoud, M.A., Alammari, M.A., Al Bekairy, A.M., Alwhaibi, M., Mayet, A.Y. and Aljadhey, H.S. (2012) The Outcome of Pharmacist Counseling at the Time of Hospital Discharge: An Observational Nonrandomized Study. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 32, 492-497. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2012.492
Alkatheri, A. and Albekairy, A. (2013) Does the Patients’ Educational Level and Previous Counseling Affect Their Medication Knowledge? Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 8, 105. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.109823
Ridings, C., Gefen, D. and Arinze, B. (2002) Some Antecedents and Effects of Trust in Virtual Communities. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11, 271-295.
Al-Alawi, A.I., Al-Marzooqi, N.Y. and Mohammed, Y.F. (2007) Organizational Culture and Knowledge Sharing: Critical Success Factors. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11, 22-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270710738898
Hutchings, K. and Michailova, S. (2003) Facilitating Knowledge Sharing in Russian and Chinese Subsidiaries: The Importance of Groups and Personal Networks.
Weir, D. and Hutchings, K. (2005) Cultural Embeddedness and Contextual Constraints: Knowledge Sharing in Chinese and Arab Cultures. Knowledge and Process Management, 12, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.222
Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A. and Segars, A.H. (2001) Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18, 185-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669
Alavi, M., Kayworth, T.R. and Leidner, D.E. (2015) An Empirical Examination of the of Organizational Influence Culture on Knowledge Practices Management. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 191-224.
Bradley, M. (2000) Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. New Library World, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 282-287.
Schein, E.H. (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership. 3rd Edition.
Park, H., Ribière, V. and Schulte, W.D. (2004) Critical Attributes of Organizational Culture That Promote Knowledge Management Technology Implementation Success. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8, 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270410541079
Mowery, B. (2015) Report Information from ProQuest.
Albrithen, A. and Yalli, N. (2015) Medical Social Workers’ Perceptions Related to Interprofessional Teamwork at Hospitals. Journal of Social Service Research, 41, 722-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2015.1068723
ALHussain, A.Z. (2011) Barriers to Knowledge Management in Saudi Arabia.
Glisby, M. and Holden, N. (2003) Contextual Constraints in Knowledge Management Theory: The Cultural Embeddedness of Nonaka’s Knowledge-Creating Company. Knowledge and Process Management, 10, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.158
Ray, D. (2014) Overcoming Cross-Cultural Barriers to Knowledge Management Using Social Media. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27, 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2012-0053
Sabri, H. (2005) Knowledge Management in Its Context: Adapting Structure to a Knowledge Creating Culture. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 15, 113-128.
Nazari, J.A., Herremans, I.M., Isaac, R.G., Manassian, A. and Kline, T.J. (2009) Organizational Characteristics Fostering Intellectual Capital in Canada and the Middle East. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10, 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930910922950
Hofstede, G. (2003) Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 861-862.
Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations. SAGE, Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi.
Nonaka, I., Toyama, R. and Konno, N. (2000) SECI, Ba and Leadership: A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning, 33, 5-34.
Nonaka, I. (1994) A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5, 14-37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14
Nonaka, I. and Konno, N. (1998) The Concept of Ba: Building a Foundation for Knowledge Creation. California Management Review, 40, 40-54. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165942
Almuayqil, S., Atkins, A.S. and Sharp, B. (2015) Integrated Framework of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Discovery to Support E-Health for Saudi Diabetic Patients. International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences, 7, 111-121.
Almuayqil, S., Atkins, A.S. and Sharp, B. (2016) Ranking of E-Health Barriers Faced by Saudi Arabian Citizens, Healthcare Professionals and IT Specialists in Saudi Arabia. Health, 1004-1013. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.810104
Chatti, M.A., Klamma, R., Jarke, M. and Naeve, A. (2007) The Web 2.0 Driven SECI Model Based Learning Process. Advanced Learning Technologies, Niigata, 18-20 July 2007, Vol. 5, 780-782. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2007.256
Natek, S. (2016) Knowledge Management Systems Support Seci Model of Knowledge-Creating Process Abstract.
Constantinides, E. and Fountain, S.J. (2008) Special Issue Papers Web 2.0: Conceptual Foundations and Marketing Issues. Journal of Direct, 9, 231-244.
Hoadley, C. (2012) What Is a Community of Practice and How Can We Support It? In: Theoretical Foundations of Learning Environments, 286.
Dickson, D. (2009) Using Wiki Technology to Create Communities of Practice. Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester.