We summarize several measurements of the dark matter temperature-to-mass ratio, or equivalently, of the comoving root-mean-square thermal velocity of warm dark matter particles v h rms ( 1 ) . The most reliable determination of this parameter comes from well measured rotation curves of dwarf galaxies by the LITTLE THINGS collaboration: v h rms ( 1 ) = 406 ± 69 m / s . Complementary and consistent measurements are obtained from rotation curves of spiral galaxies measured by the SPARC collaboration, density runs of giant elliptical galaxies, galaxy ultra-violet luminosity distributions, galaxy stellar mass distributions, first galaxies, and reionization. Having measured v h rms ( 1 ) , we then embark on a journey to the past that leads to a consistent set of measured dark matter properties, including mass, temperature and spin.
KeywordsWarm Dark MatterDwarf GalaxiesSpiral GalaxiesElliptical GalaxiesGalaxy DistributionsFirst GalaxiesReionization
Workman, R.L., et al . (2022) The Review of Particle Physics. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics , 2022, 083C01.
Hoeneisen, B. (2023) Understanding the Formation of Galaxies with Warm Dark Matter. Journal of Modern Physics , 14, 1741-1754. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.1413103
Hoeneisen, B. (2023) A Data Driven Solution to the Dark Matter Problem. Europe-an Journal of Applied Sciences , 11, 473-481. https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v15i1.2961
Hoeneisen, B. (2022) Measurement of the Dark Matter Velocity Dispersion with Dwarf Galaxy Rotation Curves. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 12, 363-381. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2022.124021
Hoeneisen, B. (2019) The Adiabatic Invariant of Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 9, 355-367.
Hoeneisen, B. (2024) Understanding Elliptical Galaxies with Warm Dark Matter.
Hoeneisen, B. (2024) Are James Webb Space Telescope Observations Consistent with Warm Dark Matter? International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 14, 45-60. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2024.141003
Hoeneisen, B. (2022) Measurement of the Dark Matter Velocity Dispersion with Galaxy Stellar Masses, UV Luminosities, and Reionization. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 12, 258-272. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2022.123015
Hoeneisen, B. (2022) Warm Dark Matter and the Formation of First Galaxies. Journal of Modern Physics , 13, 932-948. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2022.136053
Marr, J.H. (2020) The Dynamics of Globular Clusters and Elliptical Galaxies.
Hoeneisen, B. (2019) A Study of Dark Matter with Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curves. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 9, 71-96. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2019.92007
Oh, S., Hunter, D.A., Brinks, E., Elmegreen, B.G., Schruba, A., Walter, F., et al . (2015) High-Resolution Mass Models of Dwarf Galaxies from Little Things. The Astronomical Journal , 149, Article No. 180. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/149/6/180
Karukes, E.V. and Salucci, P. (2016) The Universal Rotation Curve of Dwarf Disc Galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 465, 4703-4722. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3055
Lelli, F., McGaugh, S.S. and Schombert, J.M. (2016) Sparc: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves. The Astronomical Journal , 152, Article No. 157. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/157
Shajib, A.J., Treu, T., Birrer, S. and Sonnenfeld, A. (2021) Dark Matter Haloes of Massive Elliptical Galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 Are Well Described by the Navarro-Frenk-White Profile. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 503, 2380-2405. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab536
Boyanovsky, D., de Vega, H.J. and Sanchez, N.G. (2008) Dark Matter Transfer Function: Free Streaming, Particle Statistics, and Memory of Gravitational Clustering. Physical Review D , 78, Article ID: 063546. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.78.063546
Song, M., Finkelstein, S.L., Ashby, M.L.N., Grazian, A., Lu, Y., Papovich, C., et al . (2016) The Evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function at z = 4-8: A Steepening Low-Mass-End Slope with Increasing Redshift. The Astrophysical Journal , 825, Article No. 5. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637x/825/1/5
Bouwens, R.J., Oesch, P.A., Stefanon, M., Illingworth, G., Labbé, I., Reddy, N., et al . (2021) New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from Z ∼ 9 to 2 Show a Remarkable Consistency with Halo Growth and a Constant Star Formation Efficiency. The Astronomical Journal , 162, Article No. 47. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abf83e
Lapi, A., Salucci, P. and Danese, L. (2018) Precision Scaling Relations for Disk Galaxies in the Local Universe. The Astrophysical Journal , 859, Article No. 2. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabf35
Navarro-Carrera, R., Rinaldi, P., Caputi, K.I., Iani, E., Kokorev, V. and van Mierlo, S.E. (2024) Constraints on the Faint End of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function at Z ≃ 4-8 from Deep JWST Data. The Astrophysical Journal , 961, Article No. 207. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0df6
Mason, C.A., Trenti, M. and Treu, T. (2015) The Galaxy UV Luminosity Function before the EPOCH of Reionization. The Astrophysical Journal , 813, Article No. 21. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/813/1/21
Lapi, A. and Danese, L. (2015) Cold or Warm? Constraining Dark Matter with Primeval Galaxies and Cosmic Reionization after Planck. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 2015, Article No. 3. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2015/09/003
Paduroiu, S., Revaz, Y. and Pfenniger, D. (2015) Structure Formation in Warm Dark Matter Cosmologies Top-Bottom Upside-Down.
Viel, M., Lesgourgues, J., Haehnelt, M.G., Matarrese, S. and Riotto, A. (2005) Constraining Warm Dark Matter Candidates Including Sterile Neutrinos and Light Gravitinos with WMAP and the Lyman- α Forest. Physical Review D , 71, Article ID: 063534.
Iršič, V., Viel, M., Haehnelt, M.G., Bolton, J.S., Molaro, M., Puchwein, E., et al . (2024) Unveiling Dark Matter Free Streaming at the Smallest Scales with the High Redshift Lyman-Alpha Forest. Physical Review D , 109, Article ID: 043511.
Georgiev, I., Mellema, G. and Giri, S.K. (2024) The Forest at EndEoR: The Effect of Lyman Limit Systems on the End of Reionisation.
Hoeneisen, B. (2021) Adding Dark Matter to the Standard Model. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 11, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2021.111004
Hoeneisen, B. (2023) Exploring Inflation Options for Warm Dark Matter Coupled to the Higgs Boson. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 13, 217-235. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2023.133013
Bezrukov, F. and Shaposhnikov, M. (2008) The Standard Model Higgs Boson as the Inflaton. Physics Letters B , 659, 703-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.11.072