Halo CMEs and Solar Flux F10.6 Impact on Cloud Cover for Sc23: Case Study Africa

Abstract

Solar activity has a profound impact on space weather, influencing both the surrounding space environment and terrestrial technological infrastructure. Previous studies have primarily focused on specific categories of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs), such as coronal mass ejections or solar flares, without giving due consideration to the longitudinal variations across different solar parameters. This has resulted in a gap in understanding the interrelationships among parameters such as space-speed, Maximum Position Angle (MPA), acceleration, solar wind, and X-ray intensity levels over time. To address this gap, the present study analyzes trends in solar activity using a dataset comprising 728 observations collected between 2001 and 2023. Statistical methods, including correlation analysis, are applied to investigate the relationships among key solar parameters: space-speed, MPA, acceleration, solar wind speed and density, and F10.7 solar flux. Comprehensive data cleaning, pre-processing, and graphical visualizations are employed to improve accuracy and interpretability. Finally, the distribution of X-ray importance levels appears non-uniform, and no significant correlation is found between these levels and sunspot numbers. Overall, the study underscores the long-term fluctuating nature of solar activity and provides valuable insights for enhancing space-weather forecasting models. For future research, the development of real-time predictive models is recommended, along with further exploration of solar activity’s effects on Earth’s magnetosphere and technological systems. Findings suggest varying degrees of sensitivity to solar influences, with some evidence of nonlinear relationships potentially contributing to space-weather variability.