I find that the dust morphologies in some core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnants (CCSNRs) possess jet-shaped morphologies, and propose that the properties of the jets that explode the CCSNe and their interaction with the core and envelope (if it exists) are among the factors that determine the amount of dust formed and its morphology. I find that some of the dust-rich structures in the CCSNRs Cassiopeia A and the Crab Nebula are distributed in point-symmetric morphologies, and that the dust in SN 1987A follows the bipolar morphology of the inner ejecta. Earlier studies attributed these morphologies in CCSNRs to jet shaping within the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM). These dust morphologies suggest, within the framework of the JJEM, that exploding jets enhance dust formation in CCSNRs. This study contributes to the diversity of processes in which CCSN exploding jets are involved and to establishing the JJEM as the primary explosion mechanism of CCSNe.
Huang, X., Zha, S., Chu, M., O’Connor, E.P. and Chen, L. (2025) Phase-Transition-induced Collapse of Proto-Compact Stars and Its Implication for Supernova Explosions. The Astrophysical Journal , 979, Article 151. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada146
Imasheva, L., Janka, H. and Weiss, A. (2025) Comparison of Three Methods for Triggering Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions in Spherical Symmetry. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 541, 116-134. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf865
Laplace, E., Schneider, F.R.N. and Podsiadlowski, P. (2025) It’s Written in the Massive Stars: The Role of Stellar Physics in the Formation of Black Holes. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 695, A71. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451077
Maltsev, K., Schneider, F.R.N., Mandel, I., Müller, B., Heger, A., Röpke, F.K., et al . (2025) Explodability Criteria for the Neutrino-Driven Supernova Mechanism. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 700, A20. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554931
Maunder, T., Callan, F.P., Sim, S.A., Heger, A. and Müller, B. (2025) Synthetic Light Curves and Spectra for the Photospheric Phase of a 3D Stripped-Envelope Supernova Explosion Model. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 544, 1488-1501. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1750
Mori, K., Takiwaki, T., Kotake, K. and Horiuchi, S. (2025) Three-dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Phenomenological Treatment of Neutrino Flavor Conversions. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan , 77, L9-L15. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf007
Müller, B., Heger, A. and Powell, J. (2025) Minimum Neutron Star Mass in Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions. Physical Review Letters , 134, Article ID: 071403. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.071403
Nakamura, K., Takiwaki, T., Matsumoto, J. and Kotake, K. (2024) Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae—I. Hydrodynamic Evolution and Protoneutron Star Properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 536, 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2611
Sykes, B. and Müller, B. (2025) Long-Time 3D Supernova Simulations of Nonrotating Progenitors with Magnetic Fields. Physical Review D , 111, Article ID: 063042. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063042
Janka, H. (2025) Long-Term Multidimensional Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Progress and Challenges. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science , 75, 425-461. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100945
Orlando, S., Miceli, M., Ono, M., Nagataki, S., Aloy, M., Bocchino, F., et al . (2025) Tracing the Ejecta Structure of Supernova 1987A: Insights and Diagnostics from 3D Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 699, A305. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554862
Paradiso, D.A. and Coughlin, E.R. (2025) Gotta Go Fast: A Generalization of the Escape Speed to Fluid-Dynamical Explosions and Implications for Astrophysical Transients. The Astrophysical Journal , 985, Article 173. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adce6f
Tsuna, D., Fuller, J. and Lu, W. (2025) Fates of Rotating Supergiants from Stellar Mergers and the Landscape of Transients upon Core-Collapse. arXiv: 2508.21116. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21116
Vink, J., Agarwal, M., Bamba, A., Gu, L., Plucinsky, P., Behar, E., et al . (2025) Mapping Cassiopeia A’s Silicon/sulfur Doppler Velocities with Xrism/Resolve. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan , 77, S154-S170. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf053
Wang, T. and Burrows, A. (2025) The Effect of the Fast-Flavor Instability on Core-Collapse Supernova Models. The Astrophysical Journal , 986, Article 153. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add889
Willcox, R., Schneider, F.R.N., Laplace, E., et al . (2025) New Gravitational-Wave Data Support a Bimodal Black-Hole Mass Distribution. arXiv: 2508.20787.
Mukazhanov, O. (2025) Impact of Rotation on the Accretion of Entropy Perturbations in Collapsing Massive Stars. Astrophysics and Space Science , 370, Article No. 127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-025-04517-5
Raffelt, G.G., Janka, H. and Fiorillo, D.F.G. (2025) Neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae. arXiv: 2509.16306. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16306
Vartanyan, D., Burrows, A., Teryoshin, L., et al . (2025) Simulated 3D 56 Ni Distributions of Type IIp Supernovae. arXiv: 2509.16314. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16314
Janka, T. (2025) Core-Collapse Supernova Theory in 2025: Progress and Puzzles. Video Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 2, 46. https://www.memsait.it/videomemorie/volume-2-2025/VIDEOMEM_2_2025.46.mp4
Bear, E., Shishkin, D. and Soker, N. (2025) The Puppis a Supernova Remnant: An Early Jet-Driven Neutron Star Kick Followed by Jittering Jets. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 25, Article ID: 045008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adc24e
Braudo, J., Michaelis, A., Akashi, M. and Soker, N. (2025) Simulating the Shaping of Point-Symmetric Structures in the Jittering Jets Explosion Mechanism. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific , 137, Article ID: 054201. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/add08e
Kumar, A. (2025) Insights from Modelling Magnetar-Driven Light Curves of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae. New Astronomy , 116, Article ID: 102346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2024.102346
Shishkin, D., Bear, E. and Soker, N. (2025) Natal Kick by Early-Asymmetrical Pairs of Jets to the Neutron Star of Supernova Remnant S147. The Astrophysical Journal , 992, Article 190. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae0332
Soker, N. (2025) Learning from Core-Collapse Supernova Remnants on the Explosion Mechanism. New Astronomy , 121, Article ID: 102453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2025.102453
Soker, N. and Akashi, M. (2025) The Explosion Jets of the Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant Circinus X-1. The Open Journal of Astrophysics , 8, Article ID: 154770. https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.154770
Wang, N.Y.N., Shishkin, D. and Soker, N. (2025) Jittering Jets in Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae. arXiv: 2510.02203.
Soker, N. (2025) The Primary Role of Jets in Powering Core-Collapse Supernovae. Video Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 2, 47. https://www.memsait.it/videomemorie/volume-2-2025/VIDEOMEM_2_2025.47.mp4
Shibata, M., Fujibayashi, S., Wanajo, S., Ioka, K., Lam, A.T. and Sekiguchi, Y. (2025) Self-Consistent Scenario for Jet and Stellar Explosions in Collapsar: General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation with a Dynamo. Physical Review D , 111, Article ID: 123017. https://doi.org/10.1103/msy2-fwhx
Soker, N. (2024) The Two Alternative Explosion Mechanisms of Core-Collapse Supernovae: 2024 Status Report. Universe , 10, Article 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10120458
Soker, N. (2023) The Neutron Star to Black Hole Mass Gap in the Frame of the Jittering Jets Explosion Mechanism (JJEM). Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 23, Article ID: 095020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ace9b3
Abac, A.G., et al . (2025) GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries. arXiv: 2508.18083.
Bear, E., Grichener, A. and Soker, N. (2017) The Imprints of the Last Jets in Core Collapse Supernovae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 472, 1770-1777. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2125
Grichener, A. and Soker, N. (2017) Core Collapse Supernova Remnants with Ears. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 468, 1226-1235. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx534
Shishkin, D., Kaye, R. and Soker, N. (2024) Identifying Jittering Jet-Shaped Ejecta in the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant. The Astrophysical Journal , 975, Article 281. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8138
Soker, N. (2025) Attributing the Point Symmetric Structure of Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant N132D to the Jittering Jets Explosion Mechanism. The Open Journal of Astrophysics , 8, E169. https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.147183
Soker, N. (2025) Attributing the Supernova Remnant RCW 89 to the Jittering Jets Explosion Mechanism. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific , 137, Article ID: 114201. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ae1415
Ren, J., Liu, X., Chen, B., Xiang, M., Yuan, H., Huang, Y., et al . (2018) Mapping the Emission Line Strengths and Kinematics of Supernova Remnant S147 with Extensive LAMOST Spectroscopic Observations. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 18, Article 111. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/18/9/111
Yan, J.W., Lu, C.Y., Wen, L., Yu, H. and Fang, J. (2020) Investigating the Morphology of the Supernova Remnant G349.7 + 00.2 in the Medium with a Density Gradient. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 20, Article 154. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/20/9/154
Lu, C.Y., Yan, J.W., Wen, L. and Fang, J. (2021) Numerically Investigating the Peculiar Periphery of a Supernova Remnant in the Medium with a Density Gradient: The Case of RCW 103. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 21, Article 033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/2/33
Dedikov, S.Y. and Vasiliev, E.O. (2025) Inhibited Destruction of Dust by Supernova in a Clumpy Medium. New Astronomy , 114, Article ID: 102293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2024.102293
Yu, H. and Fang, J. (2018) An Explanation for the Peculiar Periphery of Supernova Remnant G309.2-0.6. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 18, Article 117. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/18/9/117
Yamazaki, R., Ohira, Y., Sawada, M. and Bamba, A. (2014) Synchrotron X-Ray Diagnostics of Cutoff Shape of Nonthermal Electron Spectrum at Young Supernova Remnants. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 14, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/14/2/005
Zhang, X., Li, H. and Chen, Y. (2016) The γ -Ray Emission Produced by Protons That Escape from Supernova Remnant G349.7 + 0.2. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 16, Article 152. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/16/10/152
Li, X.H., Sun, X.H., Reich, W. and Gao, X.Y. (2020) A Polarization Study of the Supernova Remnant CTB 80. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 20, Article 186. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/20/11/186
Orlando, S., Miceli, M., Ustamujic, S., Tutone, A., Greco, E., Petruk, O., et al . (2021) Modeling Particle Acceleration and Non-Thermal Emission in Supernova Remnants. New Astronomy , 86, Article ID: 101566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2020.101566
Luo, M., Tang, Q. and Mo, X. (2024) Morphology Study for Gev Emission of Nearby Supernova Remnant G332.5-5.6. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 24, Article ID: 045012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ad3287
Mwaniki, P.N., Chibueze, J.O. and Wamalwa, D.S. (2025) Meerkat-based Multi-Wavelength Study of Supernova Remnant G7.7-3.7 (SN386?). New Astronomy , 117, Article ID: 102370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2025.102370
Yu, H., Wu, K., Wen, L. and Fang, J. (2022) A Leptonic Model for the γ -Rays Coincident with the Tail Region of the Supernova Remnant G106.3 + 2.7. New Astronomy , 90, Article ID: 101669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2021.101669
Wu, D. and Zhang, M. (2019) How Does a Strong Surrounding Magnetic Field Influence the Evolution of a Supernova Remnant? Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 19, Article 124. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/19/9/124
Lei, X., Zhu, H., Yin, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, W. and Yu, X. (2024) Spectral Index Distribution of Various Scale Components in Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 24, Article ID: 055017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ad3dc4
Horvath, J.E. and Allen, M.P. (2011) The Supernova Remnant CTB 37B and Its Associated Magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031: Evidence for a Magnetar-Driven Remnant. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 11, 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/11/6/001
Wu, Q., Pires, A.M., Schwope, A., Xiao, G., Yan, S. and Ji, L. (2021) What Causes the Absence of Pulsations in Central Compact Objects in Supernova Remnants? Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 21, Article 294. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/11/294
Shahbandeh, M., Sarangi, A., Temim, T., Szalai, T., Fox, O.D., Tinyanont, S., et al . (2023) JWST Observations of Dust Reservoirs in Type IIP Supernovae 2004et and 2017eaw. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 523, 6048-6060. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1681
Shahbandeh, M., Fox, O.D., Temim, T., Dwek, E., Sarangi, A., Smith, N., et al . (2025) JWST/MIRI Observations of Newly Formed Dust in the Cold, Dense Shell of the Type Iin SN 2005ip. The Astrophysical Journal , 985, Article 262. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adce77
Lu, T., Long, X., Sun, W., Chao, G., Jin, Z., Feng, H., et al . (2025) A Chandra X-Ray Study of Dust Sputtering Model in the Cassiopeia a Supernova Remnant. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 25, Article ID: 085001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/addeb4
Kwok, S., Zhang, Y., Koning, N., Huang, H. and Churchwell, E. (2008) Planetary Nebulae Detected in the Spitzer Space Telescope Glimpse Legacy Survey. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , 174, 426-454. https://doi.org/10.1086/522623
Zhang, Y. and Kwok, S. (2009) Planetary Nebulae Detected in the Spitzer Space Telescope Glimpse II LEGACY Survey. The Astrophysical Journal , 706, 252-305. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/706/1/252
Zhang, Y., Hsia, C. and Kwok, S. (2011) Planetary Nebulae Detected in the Spitzer Space Telescope Glimpse 3D Legacy Survey. The Astrophysical Journal , 745, Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/59
Kwok, S., Balick, B., Chu, Y., Hrivnak, B.J., López, A., Parker, Q., et al . (2026) Current Unsolved Problems in Planetary Nebulae Research. Galaxies , 14, Article 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies14020030
Balick, B. (1987) The Evolution of Planetary Nebulae. I—Structures, Ionizations, and Morphological Sequences. The Astronomical Journal , 94, Article 671. https://doi.org/10.1086/114504
Parker, Q.A., Acker, A., Frew, D.J., Hartley, M., Peyaud, A.E.J., Ochsenbein, F., et al . (2006) The Macquarie/Aao/Strasbourg H Planetary Nebula Catalogue: Mash. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 373, 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10950.x
Sahai, R., Morris, M., Sánchez Contreras, C. and Claussen, M. (2007) Preplanetary Nebulae: A Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Survey and a New Morphological Classification System. The Astronomical Journal , 134, 2200-2225. https://doi.org/10.1086/522944
Kwok, S. (2024) Planetary Nebulae Research: Past, Present, and Future. Galaxies , 12, Article 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies12040039
Shishkin, D. and Michaelis, A. (2026) Quantifying Symmetry: Transformation Information for Planetary Nebulae and Supernova Remnants. arXiv: 2601.07913.
Sahai, R. and Trauger, J.T. (1998) Multipolar Bubbles and Jets in Low-Excitation Planetary Nebulae: Toward a New Understanding of the Formation and Shaping of Planetary Nebulae. The Astronomical Journal , 116, 1357-1366. https://doi.org/10.1086/300504
García-Segura, G., Taam, R.E. and Ricker, P.M. (2022) Common-Envelope Shaping of Planetary Nebulae—IV. from Protoplanetary to Planetary Nebula. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 517, 3822-3831. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2824
García-Segura, G., Manchado, A., Toalá, J.A., Guerrero, M.A. and Castro-Tirado, A.J. (2025) Planetary Nebula Evolution for Single Stellar Models. the Formation of Neutral Spikes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 543, 3867-3884. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1744
Akashi, M., Bear, E. and Soker, N. (2018) Forming H-Shaped and Barrel-Shaped Nebulae with Interacting Jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 475, 4794-4808. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty029
Kashi, A. (2023) Accretion in the Binary System GG Carinae and Implications for B[e] Supergiants. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 523, 5876-5886. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1758
Kashi, A. (2024) Interacting Winds and Giant Eruptions in Massive Binaries with Jets. Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 93, 129-155. https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.12302
Soker, N. (2024) Identifying a Point-Symmetrical Morphology in the Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant W44. Universe , 11, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11010004
Soker, N. (2024) Hints of Point-Symmetric Structures in SN 1987A: The Jittering Jets Explosion Mechanism. New Astronomy , 107, Article ID: 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2023.102154
Milisavljevic, D., Temim, T., De Looze, I., et al . (2024) A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A. arXiv: 2401.02477.
Bear, E. and Soker, N. (2025) Identifying a Point-Symmetric Morphology in Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A: Explosion by Jittering Jets. New Astronomy , 114, Article ID: 102307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2024.102307
Barlow, M.J., Krause, O., Swinyard, B.M., Sibthorpe, B., Besel, M.-., Wesson, R., et al . (2010) A Herschel PACS and SPIRE Study of the Dust Content of the Cassiopeia a Supernova Remnant. Astronomy and Astrophysics , 518, L138. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014585
Arendt, R.G., Dwek, E., Kober, G., Rho, J. and Hwang, U. (2014) Interstellar and Ejecta Dust in the Cas a Supernova Remnant. The Astrophysical Journal , 786, Article 55. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/786/1/55
De Looze, I., Barlow, M.J., Swinyard, B.M., Rho, J., Gomez, H.L., Matsuura, M., et al . (2016) The Dust Mass in Cassiopeia a from a Spatially Resolved Herschel Analysis. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 465, 3309-3342. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2837
Priestley, F.D., Arias, M., Barlow, M.J. and De Looze, I. (2021) Dust Destruction and Survival in the Cassiopeia a Reverse Shock. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 509, 3163-3171. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3195
Hirai, R., Sato, T., Podsiadlowski, P., Vigna-Gómez, A. and Mandel, I. (2020) Formation Pathway for Lonely Stripped-Envelope Supernova Progenitors: Implications for Cassiopeia A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 499, 1154-1171. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2898
Shishkin, D. and Soker, N. (2024) Et Tu, Brute?: The Crab Nebula Also Exploded by Jittering Jets. arXiv: 2411.07938. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07938
Temim, T., Laming, J.M., Kavanagh, P.J., Smith, N., Slane, P., Blair, W.P., et al . (2024) Dissecting the Crab Nebula with JWST: Pulsar Wind, Dusty Filaments, and Ni/Fe Abundance Constraints on the Explosion Mechanism. The Astrophysical Journal Letters , 968, L18. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad50d1
Soker, N. (2024) Supernova 1987a’s Keyhole: A Long-Lived Jet-Pair in the Final Explosion Phase of Core-Collapse Supernovae. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , 24, Article ID: 075006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ad4fc2
Soker, N. (2024) Planetary Nebula Morphologies Indicate a Jet-Driven Explosion of SN 1987A and Other Core-Collapse Supernovae. Galaxies , 12, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies12030029
Bouchet, P., Gastaud, R., Coulais, A., Barlow, M.J., Fransson, C., Kavanagh, P.J., et al . (2024) JWST MIRI Imager Observations of Supernova SN 1987A. The Astrophysical Journal , 965, Article 51. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2770
Matsuura, M., Boyer, M., Arendt, R.G., Larsson, J., Fransson, C., Rest, A., et al . (2024) Deep JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Supernova 1987A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 532, 3625-3642. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1032
Cigan, P., Matsuura, M., Gomez, H.L., Indebetouw, R., Abellán, F., Gabler, M., et al . (2019) High Angular Resolution ALMA Images of Dust and Molecules in the SN 1987A Ejecta. The Astrophysical Journal , 886, Article 51. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4b46
Cherchneff, I., Talbi, D. and Cernicharo, J. (2026) Revisiting the Formation of Molecules and Dust in Core Collapse Supernovae. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 708, A76. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557490
Clayton, G.C., Wesson, R., Fox, O.D., Shahbandeh, M., Filippenko, A.V., Nickson, B., et al . (2025) Very Late-Time JWST and Keck Spectra of the Oxygen-Rich Supernova 1995N. The Astrophysical Journal , 991, Article 133. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adfc72
Medler, K., Ashall, C., Hoeflich, P., et al . (2025) JWST Observations of SN 2023ixf. II. The Pan-chromatic Evolution between 250 and 720 Days after the Explosion. arXiv: 2507.19727.
Sarangi, A., Zsíros, S., Szalai, T., Martinez, L., Shahbandeh, M., Fox, O.D., et al . (2025) Two Decades of Dust Evolution in SN 2005af through JWST, Spitzer, and Chemical Modeling. The Astrophysical Journal , 993, Article 94. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae0645
Szalai, T., Zsíros, S., Jencson, J., Fox, O.D., Shahbandeh, M., Sarangi, A., et al . (2025) JWST/MIRI Detects the Dusty SN1993J about 30 Years after Explosion. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 697, A132. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451470
Tinyanont, S., Fox, O.D., Shahbandeh, M., Temim, T., Williams, R., Wangnok, K., et al . (2025) Large Cold Dust Reservoir Revealed in Transitional SN Ib 2014C by James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal , 985, Article 198. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adccc0
Kirchschlager, F., Schmidt, F.D., Barlow, M.J., De Looze, I. and Sartorio, N.S. (2023) Dust Survival Rates in Clumps Passing through the Cas a Reverse Shock—II. The Impact of Magnetic Fields. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 520, 5042-5064. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad290
Martínez-González, S. (2025) Dusty Clump Survival in Supernova Ejecta. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 702, L6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556389
Zhao, H., Chen, B. and Li, J. (2025) Observational Evidence of Dust Evolution in Supernova Remnants: Size Redistribution toward Larger Grains in the Early Sedov Phase. The Astrophysical Journal Letters , 991, L36. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae06fe
Gomez, S., Temim, T., Fox, O., et al . (2024) Constraining Dust Formation in the Superluminous Supernova 2017gci with JWST Observations. arXiv: 2408.15397.