The Risk of Severe Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. A Review of Literature

Abstract

Objective: It demonstrates the correlation of the viral hemorrhagic fever with kidney failure and the treatment as well as the outcome. Method: A PubMed search of the English literature from 1999 to 2019 was performed using “viral hemorrhagic fever, Case Report, Renal Failure” as the subject. The inclusion criteria were the following: 1) case report and case series of two or more patients; 2) the report detailed the clinical presentation and reported the status of the renal system; 3) the report described the management of renal failure if any; and 4) the etiology of the infection is known and is one of the known agents of viral hemorrhagic fever, listed on the centers of disease control website. We excluded infections related to vaccination related to viral hemorrhagic fever. Result: We found the mean age of these patients was 41.5. The male to female ratio was about 3.5:1. Dengue and Hantaviruses constituted 70.5% of patients. The overall mortality of the study cohort was 32.2%. Half of the patients had acute kidney injury and required renal replacement therapy. The chi-square statistic is 0.41; The p -value is 0.51; The chi-square statistic is 6.4254. Overall mortality was 32.3% in one cohort of 78 patients. The illness goes through several stages [1] [2] of clinical features and some viruses in the group have a high case fatality rate. Conclusions: Early diagnosis with aggressive supportive care is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Renal involvement is common. Amongst the cohort reviewed, of patients who had acute kidney injury, half of the patients required renal replacement support. However, some viruses cause greater kidney injury than others, for instance, kidney injury is more severe in Dengue hemorrhagic fevers when compared to Hantaviruses. Simultaneous management of public health by prevention and control of outbreaks is particularly important.