For patients with lung cancer, there is yet to be an ideal clinical treatment, with surgical resection still being the preferred treatment choice. Compared to the clinical efficacy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the recurrence rate remains high for early-stage resectable disease. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have shown promise as two clinical treatment approaches. Many clinical studies are evaluating perioperative immunotherapy or targeted therapy, and recent trials such as CheckMate 816, CheckMate 77T, and bispecific nanoparticle BCGN introduce new concepts while demonstrating the clinical potential of these approaches. This review addresses recent and ongoing trials of neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapies for NSCLC, and potential developments in this area in the near future.
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