Basal Cell Carcinoma: Experience in a Teaching Hospital, Calabar-South Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest malignancy among Caucasians in Europe, North America, and Australia. This study attempted to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of management of this problem in our region. Methods: All the patients with histologic diagnosis of BCC presenting to the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar during the study period January 2000 to December 2009 were evaluated. Results: One hundred and fifty two patients (136 blacks, 16 albinos) were afflicted with skin malignancy, squamous cell carcinoma and BCC totaled 70 [SCC – 62, BCC – 8], and malignant melanoma (MM) – 16. Of the 8 patients, (3 males and 5 females, mean age 43 years, range 21-65 years) observed with BCC lesions, 2 (25%) were darkly pigmented and 6 (75%) were albinos. Most of the albinos who presented 3 decades before the darkly pigmented ranged in age from 21-60 years (mean 35.7 years). The lesions afflicted the head and neck region, 9 (82%), while 2 (18%) were observed on the upper limb. All the patients had excision with satisfactory results during the period of follow up that ranged from 6 months to 3 years (mean 13 months). Conclusion: BCC is an uncommon lesion in our region. Albinism and solar radiation were identified risk factors. Most of the albinos presented 3 decades earlier than the darkly pigmented. Early institution of preventive measures, early diagnosis, and treatment would result in better outcome.