Introduction: Disputativeness and incitement are one of the consequences of the posttraumatic stress disorder which causes intimacy reduction in veteran wives. This study was done with the aim of expressing the veteran posttraumatic stress disorder wives. Method: This qualitative study was done by qualitative content analysis method and 14 participants took part in this study who were all PTSD veteran wives in Golestan province in Iran. Data was gathered by semi-structured interview and by purposive sampling and was continued to the data well saturated. Data analysis was continuously done at the same time as collecting the data. Findings: The main theme and the eleven subtheme included: 1) Entanglement with wife condition: Not willing to have medicine treatment, frequent hospitalized, increasing the problems as the age goes up medicine, dependency on taking medicine, unpredictable wife behavior; 2) life erosion: Living along with fear, lost life; 3) stressful atmosphere in the house: Physical fight, unsecured feeling in the house, sensitive to noise; 4) being worry about future: Hopelessness, spoiled life. These were the main points of this study which cause the unsecured atmosphere for the families. Conclusion: Veteran in ability in controlling their anger causes emotional problems, intimacy decreasing and marriage dissatisfaction, anxiousness and being worry about future. Social and family supports such as consulting services, informative and educational systems have an important role in wives compatibility and life promotion.
Augsburger, M., Meyer-Parlapanis, D., Bambonye, M., Elbert, T. and Crombach, A. (2015) Appetitive Aggression and Adverse Childhood Experiences Shape Violent Behavior in Females Formerly Associated with Combat. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1756. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01756
Miles, S.R., Menefee, D.S., Wanner, J., Teten Tharp, A. and Kent, T.A. (2015) The Relationship between Emotion Dysregulation and Impulsive Aggression in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
LaMotte, A.D., Taft, C.T., Reardon, A.F. and Miller, M.W. (2014) Agreement between Veteran and Partner Reports of Intimate Partner Aggression. Psychological Assessment, 26, 1369-1374. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000018
Lambert, J.E., Hasbun, A., Engh, R. and Holzer, J. (2015) Veteran PTSS and Spouse Relationship Quality: The Importance of Dyadic Coping. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 7, 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000036
Lambert, J.E., Engh, R., Hasbun, A. and Holzer, J. (2012) Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on the Relationship Quality and Psychological Distress of Intimate Partners: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Family Psychology: JFP: Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 26, 729-737.
Klaric, M., Kvesic, A., Mandic, V., Petrov, B. and Franciskovic, T. (2013) Secondary Traumatisation and Systemic Traumatic Stress. Psychiatria Danubina, 25, 29-36.
Heinz, A.J., Makin-Byrd, K., Blonigen, D.M., Reilly, P. and Timko, C. (2015) Aggressive Behavior among Military Veterans in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Roles of Posttraumatic Stress and Impulsivity. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 50, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2014.10.014
Gerlock, A.A., Grimesey, J. and Sayre, G. (2014) Military-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Intimate Relationship Behaviors: A Developing Dyadic Relationship Model. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 40, 344-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12017
Mansfield, A.J., Williams, J., Hourani, L.L. and Babeu, L.A. (2010) Measurement Invariance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among U.S. Military Personnel. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 91-99.
Greene, T., Lahav, Y., Kanat-Maymon, Y. and Solomon, Z. (2015) A Longitudinal Study of Secondary Posttraumatic Growth in Wives of Ex-POWs. Psychiatry, 78, 186-197.
Runge, C.E., Waller, M., MacKenzie, A. and McGuire, A.C. (2014) Spouses of Military Members’ Experiences and Insights: Qualitative Analysis of Responses to an Open-Ended Question in a Survey of Health and Wellbeing. PLoS One, 9, e114755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114755
Renshaw, K.D., Allen, E.S., Rhoades, G.K., Blais, R.K., Markman, H.J. and Stanley, S.M. (2011) Distress in Spouses of Service Members with Symptoms of Combat-Related PTSD: Secondary Traumatic Stress or General Psychological Distress? Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 461-469. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023994
Hojjati, H., Ebadi, A. and Zarea, K. (2015) Developing Erosion: The Experience of the Soldiers’ Wives with PTST Arising from War. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 5, 3369-3370.
Erbes, C.R., Meis, L.A., Polusny, M.A., Compton, J.S. and Wadsworth, S.M. (2012) An Examination of PTSD Symptoms and Relationship Functioning in U.S. Soldiers of the Iraq War over Time. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21689
Erbes, C.R., Meis, L.A., Polusny, M.A. and Arbisi, P.A. (2012) Psychiatric Distress among Spouses of National Guard Soldiers Prior to Combat Deployment. Mental Health and Family Medicine, 9, 161-169.
Renshaw, K.D., Allen, E.S., Carter, S.P., Markman, H.J. and Stanley, S.M. (2014) Partners’ Attributions for Service Members’ Symptoms of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Behavior Therapy, 45, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.10.005
Yambo, T. and Johnson, M. (2014) An Integrative Review of the Mental Health of Partners of Veterans with Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 20, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390313516998
Yahyavi, S.T., Zarghami, M., Naghshvar, F. and Danesh, A. (2015) Relationship of Cortisol, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine Levels with War-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Fathers and Their Offspring. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 37, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1414
Ahmadi, K., Rezapour, Y., Davoudi, F. and Saberi, M. (2013) Investigate of Validity and Reliability of Secondary Trauma Stress Scale for Evaluation of PTSD Symptoms in Samples of Warfare Victims’ Wives. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 5, 47-57.
Sirati Nir, M., Ebadi, A., Fallahi Khoshknab, M. and Tavallae, A. (2013) Spiritual Experiences of War Veterans Who Suffer from Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Religion and Health, 52, 719-729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9629-2
Graneheim, U.H., Lundman, B. (2004) Qualitative Content Analysis in Nursing Research: Concepts, Procedures and Measures to Achieve Trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24, 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001
Guba, E.G. (1981) ERIC/ECTJ Annual Review Paper: Criteria for Assessing the Trustworthiness of Naturalistic Inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology, 29, 75-91.
Hsieh, H.F. and Shannon, S.E. (2005) Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 1277-1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
Franciskovic, T., Stevanovic, A., Jelusic, I., Roganovic, B., Klaric, M. and Grkovic, J. (2007) Secondary Traumatization of Wives of War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Croatian Medical Journal, 48, 177-184.
Lockwood, A., Steinke, D.T. and Botts, S.R. (2009) Medication Adherence and Its Effect on Relapse among Patients Discharged from a Veterans Affairs Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Program. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 43, 1227-1232. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M017
Fontana, A. and Rosenheck, R. (2010) War Zone Veterans Returning to Treatment: Effects of Social Functioning and Psychopathology. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 699-707. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181f4ac88
Bras, M., Brajkovic, L., Milunovic, V., Bicanic, I., Haller, F., Dordevic, V., et al. (2012) Psychiatrists’ Empathy, Beliefs and Attitudes towards Veterans Suffering from Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychiatria Danubina, 24, 287-291.
Manteghi, A., Hebrani, P., Samari, A.A. and Heydari, A.S. (2010) Level of Expressed Emotion, Depression and Caregiver Burden in Wives of Veterans Admitted in Psychiatric Ward and Their Relationship with Readmissions. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 12, 410-419.
Verdeli, H., Baily, C., Vousoura, E., Belser, A., Singla, D. and Manos, G. (2011) The Case for Treating Depression in Military Spouses. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 488-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024525
Monson, C.M., Taft, C.T. and Fredman, S.J. (2009) Military-Related PTSD and Intimate Relationships: From Description to Theory-Driven Research and Intervention Development. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 707-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.09.002
Leifker, F.R., White, K.H., Blandon, A.Y. and Marshall, A.D. (2015) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Impact the Emotional Experience of Intimacy during Couple Discussions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29, 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.005
Wolf, E.J., Harrington, K.M., Reardon, A.F., Castillo, D., Taft, C.T. and Miller, M.W. (2013) A Dyadic Analysis of the Influence of Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity on Intimate Partner Aggression. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21805
Loncar, M., Plasc, I.D., Bunjevac, T., Hrabac, P., Jaksic, N., Kozina, S., et al. (2014) Predicting Symptom Clusters of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Croatian War Veterans: The Role of Socio-Demographics, War Experiences and Subjective Quality of Life. Psychiatria Danubina, 26, 231-238.
Zlotnick, C., Capezza, N.M. and Parker, D. (2011) An Interpersonally Based Intervention for Low-Income Pregnant Women with Intimate Partner Violence: A Pilot Study. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 14, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-010-0195-x
Hayes, M.A., Gallagher, M.W., Gilbert, K.S., Creech, S.K., DeCandia, C.J., Beach, C.A., et al. (2015) Targeting Relational Aggression in Veterans: The Strength at Home Friends and Family Intervention. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76, e774-e778. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09155
Hojjati, H., Sarbani, A. and Alimmohammadzadeh, K. (2017) The Relationship between Daily Spiritual Experiences and Perceived Stress in the Spouses of War Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress. Journal of Military Medicine, 19, 135-142.